Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study
Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Fin...
Published in: | Geosciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 https://lacris.ulapland.fi/ws/files/36805770/Accuracy_of_Manual_Snow_Sampling.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85166315277&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85166315277&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20230922136218 |
id |
ftulaplandcdispu:oai:lacris.ulapland.fi:publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftulaplandcdispu:oai:lacris.ulapland.fi:publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 2024-02-04T10:00:54+01:00 Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir 2023-07-07 application/pdf https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 https://lacris.ulapland.fi/ws/files/36805770/Accuracy_of_Manual_Snow_Sampling.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85166315277&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85166315277&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20230922136218 eng eng https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Kaasik , M , Meinander , O , Leppänen , L , Anttila , K , Dagsson-Waldhauserova , P , Ginnerup , A , Hampinen , T , Liu , Y , Gunnarsson , A , Langley , K & Arslan , A N 2023 , ' Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section : A Comparative Study ' , Geosciences , vol. 13 , no. 7 , 205 , pp. 1-10 . https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 snow cover snow sampling snow water equivalent tube sampler /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/17/2 name=Environmental sciences article 2023 ftulaplandcdispu https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 2024-01-11T00:03:47Z Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm 2 , while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm 2 to 200 cm 2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm −3 . The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm −2 , with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm −2 , both with 11 cm 2 samplers. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Iceland Sodankylä LaCRIS - University of Lapland Current Research System Greenland Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) Geosciences 13 7 205 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LaCRIS - University of Lapland Current Research System |
op_collection_id |
ftulaplandcdispu |
language |
English |
topic |
snow cover snow sampling snow water equivalent tube sampler /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/17/2 name=Environmental sciences |
spellingShingle |
snow cover snow sampling snow water equivalent tube sampler /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/17/2 name=Environmental sciences Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study |
topic_facet |
snow cover snow sampling snow water equivalent tube sampler /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/17/2 name=Environmental sciences |
description |
Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm 2 , while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm 2 to 200 cm 2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm −3 . The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm −2 , with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm −2 , both with 11 cm 2 samplers. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir |
author_facet |
Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir |
author_sort |
Kaasik, Marko |
title |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study |
title_short |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study |
title_full |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study |
title_fullStr |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section:A Comparative Study |
title_sort |
accuracy of manual snow sampling, depending on the sampler’s cross-section:a comparative study |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 https://lacris.ulapland.fi/ws/files/36805770/Accuracy_of_Manual_Snow_Sampling.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85166315277&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85166315277&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20230922136218 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
geographic |
Greenland Sodankylä |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Sodankylä |
genre |
Greenland Iceland Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
Greenland Iceland Sodankylä |
op_source |
Kaasik , M , Meinander , O , Leppänen , L , Anttila , K , Dagsson-Waldhauserova , P , Ginnerup , A , Hampinen , T , Liu , Y , Gunnarsson , A , Langley , K & Arslan , A N 2023 , ' Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section : A Comparative Study ' , Geosciences , vol. 13 , no. 7 , 205 , pp. 1-10 . https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 |
op_relation |
https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/e50c28bc-8c39-4087-9b6a-ac9aed508e94 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205 |
container_title |
Geosciences |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
205 |
_version_ |
1789966409780953088 |