Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome
According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of the two recent subdivisions of the tundra biome. We seek an ecologically natural resolution to thi...
Published in: | Ecology and Evolution |
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Language: | English |
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2015
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Online Access: | https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/081de007-60a0-4281-b4a8-f640dd74be68 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
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ftulaplandcdispu:oai:lacris.ulapland.fi:publications/081de007-60a0-4281-b4a8-f640dd74be68 2024-09-09T19:21:46+00:00 Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans 2015 https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/081de007-60a0-4281-b4a8-f640dd74be68 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 eng eng https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/081de007-60a0-4281-b4a8-f640dd74be68 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Virtanen , R , Oksanen , L , Oksanen , T , Cohen , J , Forbes , B C , Johansen , B , Käyhkö , J , Olofsson , J , Pulliainen , J & Tømmervik , H 2015 , ' Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome ' , Ecology and Evolution . https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/18/1 name=Ecology evolutionary biology article 2015 ftulaplandcdispu https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 2024-06-17T23:40:44Z According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of the two recent subdivisions of the tundra biome. We seek an ecologically natural resolution to this long-standing and far-reaching problem. We studied broad-scale patterns in climate and vegetation along the gradient from Siberian tundra via northernmost Fennoscandia to the alpine habitats of European middle-latitude mountains, as well as explored those patterns within Fennoscandian tundra based on climate–vegetation patterns obtained from a fine-scale vegetation map. Our analyses reveal that ecologically meaningful January–February snow and thermal conditions differ between different types of tundra. High precipitation and mild winter temperatures prevail on middle-latitude mountains, low precipitation and usually cold winters prevail on high-latitude tundra, and Scandinavian mountains show intermediate conditions. Similarly, heath-like plant communities differ clearly between middle latitude mountains (alpine) and high-latitude tundra vegetation, including its altitudinal extension on Scandinavian mountains. Conversely, high abundance of snowbeds and large differences in the composition of dwarf shrub heaths distinguish the Scandinavian mountain tundra from its counterparts in Russia and the north Fennoscandian inland. The European tundra areas fall into three ecologically rather homogeneous categories: the arctic tundra, the oroarctic tundra of northern heights and mountains, and the genuinely alpine tundra of middle-latitude mountains. Attempts to divide the tundra into two sub-biomes have resulted in major discrepancies and confusions, as the oroarctic areas are included in the arctic tundra in some biogeographic maps and in the alpine tundra in others. Our analyses based on climate and vegetation criteria thus seem to resolve the long-standing biome delimitation problem, help in consistent characterization ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Tundra LaCRIS - University of Lapland Current Research System Arctic Ecology and Evolution 6 1 143 158 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LaCRIS - University of Lapland Current Research System |
op_collection_id |
ftulaplandcdispu |
language |
English |
topic |
Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/18/1 name=Ecology evolutionary biology |
spellingShingle |
Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/18/1 name=Ecology evolutionary biology Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
topic_facet |
Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate /dk/atira/pure/person/fieldofscience2010/1/18/1 name=Ecology evolutionary biology |
description |
According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of the two recent subdivisions of the tundra biome. We seek an ecologically natural resolution to this long-standing and far-reaching problem. We studied broad-scale patterns in climate and vegetation along the gradient from Siberian tundra via northernmost Fennoscandia to the alpine habitats of European middle-latitude mountains, as well as explored those patterns within Fennoscandian tundra based on climate–vegetation patterns obtained from a fine-scale vegetation map. Our analyses reveal that ecologically meaningful January–February snow and thermal conditions differ between different types of tundra. High precipitation and mild winter temperatures prevail on middle-latitude mountains, low precipitation and usually cold winters prevail on high-latitude tundra, and Scandinavian mountains show intermediate conditions. Similarly, heath-like plant communities differ clearly between middle latitude mountains (alpine) and high-latitude tundra vegetation, including its altitudinal extension on Scandinavian mountains. Conversely, high abundance of snowbeds and large differences in the composition of dwarf shrub heaths distinguish the Scandinavian mountain tundra from its counterparts in Russia and the north Fennoscandian inland. The European tundra areas fall into three ecologically rather homogeneous categories: the arctic tundra, the oroarctic tundra of northern heights and mountains, and the genuinely alpine tundra of middle-latitude mountains. Attempts to divide the tundra into two sub-biomes have resulted in major discrepancies and confusions, as the oroarctic areas are included in the arctic tundra in some biogeographic maps and in the alpine tundra in others. Our analyses based on climate and vegetation criteria thus seem to resolve the long-standing biome delimitation problem, help in consistent characterization ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans |
author_facet |
Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans |
author_sort |
Virtanen, Risto |
title |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_short |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_full |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_fullStr |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_sort |
where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/081de007-60a0-4281-b4a8-f640dd74be68 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Tundra |
op_source |
Virtanen , R , Oksanen , L , Oksanen , T , Cohen , J , Forbes , B C , Johansen , B , Käyhkö , J , Olofsson , J , Pulliainen , J & Tømmervik , H 2015 , ' Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome ' , Ecology and Evolution . https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
op_relation |
https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/081de007-60a0-4281-b4a8-f640dd74be68 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
143 |
op_container_end_page |
158 |
_version_ |
1809762015831392256 |