Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones.
1. Planktonic organisms are exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmentation offers protection but at the same time increases visibility, and therefore vulnerability, to visually orienting predators such as fish. As an adaptation against fish predation, zooplankton should be transparent,...
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Online Access: | https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/10679/ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x |
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ftulancaster:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:10679 2023-08-27T04:08:02+02:00 Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. Tollrian, Ralph Heibl, C. 2004-08 https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/10679/ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x unknown Tollrian, Ralph and Heibl, C. (2004) Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. Functional Ecology, 18 (4). pp. 497-502. ISSN 0269-8463 Journal Article PeerReviewed 2004 ftulancaster https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x 2023-08-03T22:16:49Z 1. Planktonic organisms are exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmentation offers protection but at the same time increases visibility, and therefore vulnerability, to visually orienting predators such as fish. As an adaptation against fish predation, zooplankton should be transparent, though this would leave them less protected against UV radiation. Thus both adaptations would appear to be mutually exclusive. However, phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation could allow flexible adaptation to both environmental situations. 2. We tested the hypothesis that Daphnia should be able to change their level of pigmentation in response to fish kairomone and/or UV radiation using four species of Daphnia. 3. Daphnia hyalina Leydig increased pigmentation under UV radiation and D. pulex Leydig reduced pigmentation in the fish kairomone treatment. Both species live in habitats with variable UV and fish impact. 4. Daphnia cucullata Sars and D. middendorffiana Fischer showed no reaction, probably because of their extreme adaptations: D. middendorffiana is strongly pigmented and seems to be adapted to high UV-B impact and an absence of fish in its arctic habitat. In contrast, D. cucullata has evolved in coexistence with fish. It can afford being nearly transparent because it lives in eutrophic lakes where UV-B is not relevant. 5. Our data on four species suggest that plasticity in pigmentation might be common in Daphnia adapted to environments with contrasting or variable selection pressures. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Zooplankton Lancaster University: Lancaster Eprints Arctic Functional Ecology 18 4 497 502 |
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Lancaster University: Lancaster Eprints |
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1. Planktonic organisms are exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmentation offers protection but at the same time increases visibility, and therefore vulnerability, to visually orienting predators such as fish. As an adaptation against fish predation, zooplankton should be transparent, though this would leave them less protected against UV radiation. Thus both adaptations would appear to be mutually exclusive. However, phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation could allow flexible adaptation to both environmental situations. 2. We tested the hypothesis that Daphnia should be able to change their level of pigmentation in response to fish kairomone and/or UV radiation using four species of Daphnia. 3. Daphnia hyalina Leydig increased pigmentation under UV radiation and D. pulex Leydig reduced pigmentation in the fish kairomone treatment. Both species live in habitats with variable UV and fish impact. 4. Daphnia cucullata Sars and D. middendorffiana Fischer showed no reaction, probably because of their extreme adaptations: D. middendorffiana is strongly pigmented and seems to be adapted to high UV-B impact and an absence of fish in its arctic habitat. In contrast, D. cucullata has evolved in coexistence with fish. It can afford being nearly transparent because it lives in eutrophic lakes where UV-B is not relevant. 5. Our data on four species suggest that plasticity in pigmentation might be common in Daphnia adapted to environments with contrasting or variable selection pressures. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tollrian, Ralph Heibl, C. |
spellingShingle |
Tollrian, Ralph Heibl, C. Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. |
author_facet |
Tollrian, Ralph Heibl, C. |
author_sort |
Tollrian, Ralph |
title |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. |
title_short |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. |
title_full |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. |
title_fullStr |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. |
title_sort |
phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in daphnia induced by uv radiation and fish kairomones. |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/10679/ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Zooplankton |
genre_facet |
Arctic Zooplankton |
op_relation |
Tollrian, Ralph and Heibl, C. (2004) Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones. Functional Ecology, 18 (4). pp. 497-502. ISSN 0269-8463 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x |
container_title |
Functional Ecology |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
497 |
op_container_end_page |
502 |
_version_ |
1775348737210580992 |