The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile
This paper explores the sensitivity of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations to changes in the meridional distribution of sea surface temperature (SST). The simulations are for an aqua-planet, a water covered Earth with no land, orography or sea-ice and with specified zonally symm...
Published in: | Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II |
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METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN
2013
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Online Access: | https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/3904 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84886797342 https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 |
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ftuisanist:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/3904 2023-05-15T18:18:57+02:00 The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile Williamson, David L. Blackburn, Michael Nakajima, Kensuke Ohfuchi, Wataru Takahashi, Yoshiyuki O. Hayashi, Yoshi-Yuki Nakamura, Hisashi Ishiwatari, Masaki McGregor, John L. Borth, Hartmut Wirth, Volkmar Frank, Helmut Bechtold, Peter Wedi, Nils P. Tomita, Hirofumi Satoh, Masaki Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Suarez, Max J. Lee, Myong-In Watanabe, Masahiro Kimoto, Masahide Liu, Yimin Wang, Zaizhi Molod, Andrea Rajendran, Kavirajan Kitoh, Akio Stratton, Rachel 2013-10 https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/3904 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84886797342 https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 ENG eng METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, v.91, no.1 A, pp.57 - 89 0026-1165 https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/3904 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84886797342 1106 12881 2-s2.0-84886797342 000327052500004 doi:10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 Comparison of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMS) Hadley circulation Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Precipitation Sea surface temperature profile ARTICLE ART 2013 ftuisanist https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 2022-05-15T05:19:08Z This paper explores the sensitivity of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations to changes in the meridional distribution of sea surface temperature (SST). The simulations are for an aqua-planet, a water covered Earth with no land, orography or sea-ice and with specified zonally symmetric SST. Simulations from 14 AGCMs developed for Numerical Weather Prediction and climate applications are compared. Four experiments are performed to study the sensitivity to the meridional SST profile. These profiles range from one in which the SST gradient continues to the equator to one which is flat approaching the equator, all with the same maximum SST at the equator. The zonal mean circulation of all models shows strong sensitivity to latitudinal distribution of SST. The Hadley circulation weakens and shifts poleward as the SST profile flattens in the tropics. One question of interest is the formation of a double versus a single ITCZ. There is a large variation between models of the strength of the ITCZ and where in the SST experiment sequence they transition from a single to double ITCZ. The SST profiles are defined such that as the equatorial SST gradient flattens, the maximum gradient increases and moves poleward. This leads to a weakening of the mid-latitude jet accompanied by a poleward shift of the jet core. Also considered are tropical wave activity and tropical precipitation frequency distributions. The details of each vary greatly between models, both with a given SST and in the response to the change in SST. One additional experiment is included to examine the sensitivity to an off-equatorial SST maximum. The upward branch of the Hadley circulation follows the SST maximum off the equator. The models that form a single precipitation maximum when the maximum SST is on the equator shift the precipitation maximum off equator and keep it centered over the SST maximum. Those that form a double with minimum on the equatorial maximum SST shift the double structure off the equator, keeping the minimum over ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice ScholarWorks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 91A 0 57 89 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
ScholarWorks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftuisanist |
language |
English |
topic |
Comparison of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMS) Hadley circulation Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Precipitation Sea surface temperature profile |
spellingShingle |
Comparison of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMS) Hadley circulation Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Precipitation Sea surface temperature profile Williamson, David L. Blackburn, Michael Nakajima, Kensuke Ohfuchi, Wataru Takahashi, Yoshiyuki O. Hayashi, Yoshi-Yuki Nakamura, Hisashi Ishiwatari, Masaki McGregor, John L. Borth, Hartmut Wirth, Volkmar Frank, Helmut Bechtold, Peter Wedi, Nils P. Tomita, Hirofumi Satoh, Masaki Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Suarez, Max J. Lee, Myong-In Watanabe, Masahiro Kimoto, Masahide Liu, Yimin Wang, Zaizhi Molod, Andrea Rajendran, Kavirajan Kitoh, Akio Stratton, Rachel The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile |
topic_facet |
Comparison of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMS) Hadley circulation Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Precipitation Sea surface temperature profile |
description |
This paper explores the sensitivity of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations to changes in the meridional distribution of sea surface temperature (SST). The simulations are for an aqua-planet, a water covered Earth with no land, orography or sea-ice and with specified zonally symmetric SST. Simulations from 14 AGCMs developed for Numerical Weather Prediction and climate applications are compared. Four experiments are performed to study the sensitivity to the meridional SST profile. These profiles range from one in which the SST gradient continues to the equator to one which is flat approaching the equator, all with the same maximum SST at the equator. The zonal mean circulation of all models shows strong sensitivity to latitudinal distribution of SST. The Hadley circulation weakens and shifts poleward as the SST profile flattens in the tropics. One question of interest is the formation of a double versus a single ITCZ. There is a large variation between models of the strength of the ITCZ and where in the SST experiment sequence they transition from a single to double ITCZ. The SST profiles are defined such that as the equatorial SST gradient flattens, the maximum gradient increases and moves poleward. This leads to a weakening of the mid-latitude jet accompanied by a poleward shift of the jet core. Also considered are tropical wave activity and tropical precipitation frequency distributions. The details of each vary greatly between models, both with a given SST and in the response to the change in SST. One additional experiment is included to examine the sensitivity to an off-equatorial SST maximum. The upward branch of the Hadley circulation follows the SST maximum off the equator. The models that form a single precipitation maximum when the maximum SST is on the equator shift the precipitation maximum off equator and keep it centered over the SST maximum. Those that form a double with minimum on the equatorial maximum SST shift the double structure off the equator, keeping the minimum over ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Williamson, David L. Blackburn, Michael Nakajima, Kensuke Ohfuchi, Wataru Takahashi, Yoshiyuki O. Hayashi, Yoshi-Yuki Nakamura, Hisashi Ishiwatari, Masaki McGregor, John L. Borth, Hartmut Wirth, Volkmar Frank, Helmut Bechtold, Peter Wedi, Nils P. Tomita, Hirofumi Satoh, Masaki Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Suarez, Max J. Lee, Myong-In Watanabe, Masahiro Kimoto, Masahide Liu, Yimin Wang, Zaizhi Molod, Andrea Rajendran, Kavirajan Kitoh, Akio Stratton, Rachel |
author_facet |
Williamson, David L. Blackburn, Michael Nakajima, Kensuke Ohfuchi, Wataru Takahashi, Yoshiyuki O. Hayashi, Yoshi-Yuki Nakamura, Hisashi Ishiwatari, Masaki McGregor, John L. Borth, Hartmut Wirth, Volkmar Frank, Helmut Bechtold, Peter Wedi, Nils P. Tomita, Hirofumi Satoh, Masaki Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Suarez, Max J. Lee, Myong-In Watanabe, Masahiro Kimoto, Masahide Liu, Yimin Wang, Zaizhi Molod, Andrea Rajendran, Kavirajan Kitoh, Akio Stratton, Rachel |
author_sort |
Williamson, David L. |
title |
The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile |
title_short |
The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile |
title_full |
The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile |
title_fullStr |
The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile |
title_full_unstemmed |
The aqua-planet experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile |
title_sort |
aqua-planet experiment (ape): response to changed meridional sst profile |
publisher |
METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/3904 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84886797342 https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, v.91, no.1 A, pp.57 - 89 0026-1165 https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/3904 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84886797342 1106 12881 2-s2.0-84886797342 000327052500004 doi:10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03 |
container_title |
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II |
container_volume |
91A |
container_issue |
0 |
container_start_page |
57 |
op_container_end_page |
89 |
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1766195725386907648 |