The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography
The Kongsfjorden conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) Transect has been monitored annually since 1994. It covers the full length of the fjord and the shelf, and the upper part of the shelf slope outside Kongsfjorden. In addition to CTD profiles, data from vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current...
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Online Access: | https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b2b70675-95af-4bd9-a730-89eab2fea453 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 |
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ftuhipublicatio:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/b2b70675-95af-4bd9-a730-89eab2fea453 2023-05-15T17:05:16+02:00 The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography Tverberg, Vigdis Skogseth, Ragnheid Cottier, Finlo Sundfjord, Arild Walczowski, Waldemar Inall, Mark E Falck, Eva Pavlova, Olga Nilsen, Frank 2019-06-20 https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b2b70675-95af-4bd9-a730-89eab2fea453 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 eng eng Springer info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Tverberg , V , Skogseth , R , Cottier , F , Sundfjord , A , Walczowski , W , Inall , M E , Falck , E , Pavlova , O & Nilsen , F 2019 , The Kongsfjorden Transect: seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography . in The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard . Advances in Polar Ecology , vol. 2 , Springer , pp. 49-104 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 Kongsfjorden Atlantic Water Hydrography Water masses Exchange bookPart 2019 ftuhipublicatio https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 2022-09-08T22:19:59Z The Kongsfjorden conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) Transect has been monitored annually since 1994. It covers the full length of the fjord and the shelf, and the upper part of the shelf slope outside Kongsfjorden. In addition to CTD profiles, data from vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and moorings have been collected. Previous studies noted that Atlantic Water (AW) from the West Spitsbergen Current was observed in the fjord every summer, but to a varying extent. The prolonged monitoring provided by the Kongsfjorden Transect data set examined here reveals continuous variations in AW content and vertical distribution in the fjord, both on seasonal and inter-annual timescales. Our focus in this paper is on this variable content of AW in Kongsfjorden, the forcing mechanisms that may govern the inflow of this water mass, and its distribution in the fjord. We classify three winter types linked to three characteristic scenarios for winter formation of water masses. During the historically typical winters of type “Winter Deep”, deep convection, often combined with sea ice formation, produces dense winter water that prevents AW from entering Kongsfjorden. Summer inflow of AW starts when density differences between fjord and shelf water allows for it, and occurs at some intermediate depth. During winters of type “Winter Intermediate”, AW advects into the fjord along the bottom via Kongsfjordrenna. Winter convection in Kongsfjorden will then be limited to intermediate depth, usually producing very cold intermediate water. Deep AW inflow continues during the following summer. A winter of type “Winter Open” seems to develop when open water convection produces very dense shelf water, and AW winter advection into Kongsfjorden occurs at the surface. Summer AW inflow is rather shallow after such winters. We find that variations between Winter Deep and Winter Intermediate winters are due to inherent natural variability. However, the Winter Open winters seem to be a consequence of the general trend ... Book Part Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Sea ice Spitsbergen University of the Highlands and Islands: Research Database of UHI Kongsfjordrenna ENVELOPE(10.000,10.000,79.000,79.000) 49 104 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of the Highlands and Islands: Research Database of UHI |
op_collection_id |
ftuhipublicatio |
language |
English |
topic |
Kongsfjorden Atlantic Water Hydrography Water masses Exchange |
spellingShingle |
Kongsfjorden Atlantic Water Hydrography Water masses Exchange Tverberg, Vigdis Skogseth, Ragnheid Cottier, Finlo Sundfjord, Arild Walczowski, Waldemar Inall, Mark E Falck, Eva Pavlova, Olga Nilsen, Frank The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
topic_facet |
Kongsfjorden Atlantic Water Hydrography Water masses Exchange |
description |
The Kongsfjorden conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) Transect has been monitored annually since 1994. It covers the full length of the fjord and the shelf, and the upper part of the shelf slope outside Kongsfjorden. In addition to CTD profiles, data from vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and moorings have been collected. Previous studies noted that Atlantic Water (AW) from the West Spitsbergen Current was observed in the fjord every summer, but to a varying extent. The prolonged monitoring provided by the Kongsfjorden Transect data set examined here reveals continuous variations in AW content and vertical distribution in the fjord, both on seasonal and inter-annual timescales. Our focus in this paper is on this variable content of AW in Kongsfjorden, the forcing mechanisms that may govern the inflow of this water mass, and its distribution in the fjord. We classify three winter types linked to three characteristic scenarios for winter formation of water masses. During the historically typical winters of type “Winter Deep”, deep convection, often combined with sea ice formation, produces dense winter water that prevents AW from entering Kongsfjorden. Summer inflow of AW starts when density differences between fjord and shelf water allows for it, and occurs at some intermediate depth. During winters of type “Winter Intermediate”, AW advects into the fjord along the bottom via Kongsfjordrenna. Winter convection in Kongsfjorden will then be limited to intermediate depth, usually producing very cold intermediate water. Deep AW inflow continues during the following summer. A winter of type “Winter Open” seems to develop when open water convection produces very dense shelf water, and AW winter advection into Kongsfjorden occurs at the surface. Summer AW inflow is rather shallow after such winters. We find that variations between Winter Deep and Winter Intermediate winters are due to inherent natural variability. However, the Winter Open winters seem to be a consequence of the general trend ... |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Tverberg, Vigdis Skogseth, Ragnheid Cottier, Finlo Sundfjord, Arild Walczowski, Waldemar Inall, Mark E Falck, Eva Pavlova, Olga Nilsen, Frank |
author_facet |
Tverberg, Vigdis Skogseth, Ragnheid Cottier, Finlo Sundfjord, Arild Walczowski, Waldemar Inall, Mark E Falck, Eva Pavlova, Olga Nilsen, Frank |
author_sort |
Tverberg, Vigdis |
title |
The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
title_short |
The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
title_full |
The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
title_fullStr |
The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Kongsfjorden Transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
title_sort |
kongsfjorden transect::seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b2b70675-95af-4bd9-a730-89eab2fea453 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(10.000,10.000,79.000,79.000) |
geographic |
Kongsfjordrenna |
geographic_facet |
Kongsfjordrenna |
genre |
Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Sea ice Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Sea ice Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Tverberg , V , Skogseth , R , Cottier , F , Sundfjord , A , Walczowski , W , Inall , M E , Falck , E , Pavlova , O & Nilsen , F 2019 , The Kongsfjorden Transect: seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography . in The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard . Advances in Polar Ecology , vol. 2 , Springer , pp. 49-104 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_3 |
container_start_page |
49 |
op_container_end_page |
104 |
_version_ |
1766059738392428544 |