Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships
Mesopelagic sound scattering layers (SSL) are ubiquitous in all oceans. Pelagic organisms within the SSL play important roles as prey for higher trophic levels and in climate regulation through the biological carbon pump. Yet, the biomass and species composition of SSL in the Arctic Ocean remain poo...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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2019
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Online Access: | https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b216ea0a-d1a0-45f8-8f4e-78b7e928ce86 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 https://pureadmin.uhi.ac.uk/ws/files/3746498/fmars_06_00364.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069764568&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069764568&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftuhipublicatio:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/b216ea0a-d1a0-45f8-8f4e-78b7e928ce86 2024-06-23T07:48:38+00:00 Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships Geoffroy, Maxime Daase, Malin Cusa, Marine Darnis, Gerald Graeve, Martin Santana Hernández, N Berge, Jorgen Renaud, Paul Cottier, Finlo Falk-Petersen, S 2019-07-12 application/pdf https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b216ea0a-d1a0-45f8-8f4e-78b7e928ce86 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 https://pureadmin.uhi.ac.uk/ws/files/3746498/fmars_06_00364.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069764568&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069764568&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b216ea0a-d1a0-45f8-8f4e-78b7e928ce86 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Geoffroy , M , Daase , M , Cusa , M , Darnis , G , Graeve , M , Santana Hernández , N , Berge , J , Renaud , P , Cottier , F & Falk-Petersen , S 2019 , ' Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic: Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships ' , Frontiers in Marine Science , vol. 6 , 364 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 mesopelagic fish and zooplankton Arctic and boreal ecosystems seasonality fatty acid trophic markers Sebastes Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Svalbard article 2019 ftuhipublicatio https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 2024-05-27T23:56:27Z Mesopelagic sound scattering layers (SSL) are ubiquitous in all oceans. Pelagic organisms within the SSL play important roles as prey for higher trophic levels and in climate regulation through the biological carbon pump. Yet, the biomass and species composition of SSL in the Arctic Ocean remain poorly documented, particularly in winter. A multifrequency echosounder detected a SSL north of Svalbard, from 79.8 to 81.4°N, in January 2016, August 2016, and January 2017. Midwater trawl sampling confirmed that the SSL comprised zooplankton and pelagic fish of boreal and Arctic origins. Arctic cod dominated the fish assemblage in August and juvenile beaked redfish in January. The macrozooplankton community mainly comprised the medusa Cyanea capillata, the amphipod Themisto libellula, and the euphausiids Meganyctiphanes norvegica in August and Thysanoessa inermis in January. The SSL was located in the Atlantic Water mass, between 200–700 m in August and between 50–500 m in January. In January, the SSL was shallower and weaker above the deeper basin, where less Atlantic Water penetrated. The energy content available in the form of lipids within the SSL was significantly higher in summer than winter. The biomass within the SSL was >12-fold higher in summer, and the diversity of fish was slightly higher than in winter (12 vs. 9 species). We suggest that these differences are mainly related to life history and ontogenetic changes resulting in a descent toward the seafloor, outside the mesopelagic layer, in winter. In addition, some fish species of boreal origin, such as the spotted barracudina, did not seem to survive the polar night when advected from the Atlantic into the Arctic. Others, mainly juvenile beaked redfish, were abundant in both summer and winter, implying that the species can survive the polar night and possibly extend its range into the high Arctic. Fatty-acid trophic markers revealed that Arctic cod mainly fed on calanoid copepods while juvenile beaked redfish targeted krill (Thysanoessa spp.). The ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic cod Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Meganyctiphanes norvegica polar night Svalbard Themisto Themisto libellula Zooplankton Copepods Thysanoessa inermis University of the Highlands and Islands: Research Database of UHI Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Medusa ENVELOPE(157.417,157.417,-79.633,-79.633) Svalbard Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of the Highlands and Islands: Research Database of UHI |
op_collection_id |
ftuhipublicatio |
language |
English |
topic |
mesopelagic fish and zooplankton Arctic and boreal ecosystems seasonality fatty acid trophic markers Sebastes Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Svalbard |
spellingShingle |
mesopelagic fish and zooplankton Arctic and boreal ecosystems seasonality fatty acid trophic markers Sebastes Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Svalbard Geoffroy, Maxime Daase, Malin Cusa, Marine Darnis, Gerald Graeve, Martin Santana Hernández, N Berge, Jorgen Renaud, Paul Cottier, Finlo Falk-Petersen, S Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships |
topic_facet |
mesopelagic fish and zooplankton Arctic and boreal ecosystems seasonality fatty acid trophic markers Sebastes Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Svalbard |
description |
Mesopelagic sound scattering layers (SSL) are ubiquitous in all oceans. Pelagic organisms within the SSL play important roles as prey for higher trophic levels and in climate regulation through the biological carbon pump. Yet, the biomass and species composition of SSL in the Arctic Ocean remain poorly documented, particularly in winter. A multifrequency echosounder detected a SSL north of Svalbard, from 79.8 to 81.4°N, in January 2016, August 2016, and January 2017. Midwater trawl sampling confirmed that the SSL comprised zooplankton and pelagic fish of boreal and Arctic origins. Arctic cod dominated the fish assemblage in August and juvenile beaked redfish in January. The macrozooplankton community mainly comprised the medusa Cyanea capillata, the amphipod Themisto libellula, and the euphausiids Meganyctiphanes norvegica in August and Thysanoessa inermis in January. The SSL was located in the Atlantic Water mass, between 200–700 m in August and between 50–500 m in January. In January, the SSL was shallower and weaker above the deeper basin, where less Atlantic Water penetrated. The energy content available in the form of lipids within the SSL was significantly higher in summer than winter. The biomass within the SSL was >12-fold higher in summer, and the diversity of fish was slightly higher than in winter (12 vs. 9 species). We suggest that these differences are mainly related to life history and ontogenetic changes resulting in a descent toward the seafloor, outside the mesopelagic layer, in winter. In addition, some fish species of boreal origin, such as the spotted barracudina, did not seem to survive the polar night when advected from the Atlantic into the Arctic. Others, mainly juvenile beaked redfish, were abundant in both summer and winter, implying that the species can survive the polar night and possibly extend its range into the high Arctic. Fatty-acid trophic markers revealed that Arctic cod mainly fed on calanoid copepods while juvenile beaked redfish targeted krill (Thysanoessa spp.). The ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Geoffroy, Maxime Daase, Malin Cusa, Marine Darnis, Gerald Graeve, Martin Santana Hernández, N Berge, Jorgen Renaud, Paul Cottier, Finlo Falk-Petersen, S |
author_facet |
Geoffroy, Maxime Daase, Malin Cusa, Marine Darnis, Gerald Graeve, Martin Santana Hernández, N Berge, Jorgen Renaud, Paul Cottier, Finlo Falk-Petersen, S |
author_sort |
Geoffroy, Maxime |
title |
Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships |
title_short |
Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships |
title_full |
Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships |
title_fullStr |
Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic::Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships |
title_sort |
mesopelagic sound scattering layers of the high arctic::seasonal variations in biomass, species assemblage, and trophic relationships |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b216ea0a-d1a0-45f8-8f4e-78b7e928ce86 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 https://pureadmin.uhi.ac.uk/ws/files/3746498/fmars_06_00364.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069764568&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069764568&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(157.417,157.417,-79.633,-79.633) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Medusa Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Medusa Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic cod Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Meganyctiphanes norvegica polar night Svalbard Themisto Themisto libellula Zooplankton Copepods Thysanoessa inermis |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic cod Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Boreogadus saida Meganyctiphanes norvegica polar night Svalbard Themisto Themisto libellula Zooplankton Copepods Thysanoessa inermis |
op_source |
Geoffroy , M , Daase , M , Cusa , M , Darnis , G , Graeve , M , Santana Hernández , N , Berge , J , Renaud , P , Cottier , F & Falk-Petersen , S 2019 , ' Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic: Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships ' , Frontiers in Marine Science , vol. 6 , 364 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 |
op_relation |
https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/b216ea0a-d1a0-45f8-8f4e-78b7e928ce86 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00364 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1802638981896077312 |