The association of grip strength from midlife onwards with all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 17 years of follow-up in the Tromsø Study

• Main Authors: Strand, BH, Cooper, R, Bergland, A, Jørgensen, L, Schirmer, H, Skirbekk, V, Emaus, N
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: Epidemiology of ageing; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MORTALITY; PHYSICAL FUNCTION; Tromsø
• Online Access: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1497360/1/jech-2015-206776.full.pdf; https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1497360/

BACKGROUND: Grip strength has consistently been found to predict all-cause mortality rates. However, few studies have examined cause-specific mortality or tested age differences in these associations. METHODS: In 1994, grip strength was measured in the population-based Tromsø Study, covering the ages 50-80 years (N=6850). Grip strength was categorised into fifths, and as z-scores. In this cohort study, models with all-cause mortality and deaths from specific causes as the outcome were performed, stratified by sex and age using Cox regression, adjusting for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. RESULTS: During 17 years of follow-up, 2338 participants died. A 1 SD reduction in grip strength was associated with HR=1.17 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.22) for all-cause mortality in a model adjusted for age, gender and body size. This association was similar across all age groups, in men and women, and robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results for deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases and external causes resembled those for all-cause mortality, while for cancer, the association was much weaker and not significant after adjustment for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Weaker grip strength was associated with increased all-cause mortality rates, with similar effects on deaths due to CVD, respiratory disease and external causes, while a much weaker association was observed for cancer-related deaths. These associations were similar in both genders and across age groups, which supports the hypothesis that grip strength might be a biomarker of ageing over the lifespan.