Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication.
The domestication of the horse ∼ 5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two an...
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ftucl:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1461692 2023-05-15T18:31:23+02:00 Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. Schubert, M Jónsson, H Chang, D Der Sarkissian, C Ermini, L Ginolhac, A Albrechtsen, A Dupanloup, I Foucal, A Petersen, B Fumagalli, M Raghavan, M Seguin-Orlando, A Korneliussen, TS Velazquez, AM Stenderup, J Hoover, CA Rubin, CJ Alfarhan, AH Alquraishi, SA Al-Rasheid, KA MacHugh, DE Kalbfleisch, T MacLeod, JN Rubin, EM Sicheritz-Ponten, T Andersson, L Hofreiter, M Marques-Bonet, T Gilbert, MT Nielsen, R Excoffier, L Willerslev, E Shapiro, B Orlando, L 2014-12-30 http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1461692/ eng eng Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 111 (52) E5661 - E5669. (2014) Przewalski’s horse ancient DNA cost of domestication horse domestication positive selection Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia Article 2014 ftucl 2015-04-30T22:12:17Z The domestication of the horse ∼ 5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. Article in Journal/Newspaper Taymyr University College London: UCL Discovery Kya ENVELOPE(8.308,8.308,63.772,63.772) Taymyr ENVELOPE(89.987,89.987,68.219,68.219) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University College London: UCL Discovery |
op_collection_id |
ftucl |
language |
English |
topic |
Przewalski’s horse ancient DNA cost of domestication horse domestication positive selection Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia |
spellingShingle |
Przewalski’s horse ancient DNA cost of domestication horse domestication positive selection Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia Schubert, M Jónsson, H Chang, D Der Sarkissian, C Ermini, L Ginolhac, A Albrechtsen, A Dupanloup, I Foucal, A Petersen, B Fumagalli, M Raghavan, M Seguin-Orlando, A Korneliussen, TS Velazquez, AM Stenderup, J Hoover, CA Rubin, CJ Alfarhan, AH Alquraishi, SA Al-Rasheid, KA MacHugh, DE Kalbfleisch, T MacLeod, JN Rubin, EM Sicheritz-Ponten, T Andersson, L Hofreiter, M Marques-Bonet, T Gilbert, MT Nielsen, R Excoffier, L Willerslev, E Shapiro, B Orlando, L Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
topic_facet |
Przewalski’s horse ancient DNA cost of domestication horse domestication positive selection Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia |
description |
The domestication of the horse ∼ 5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schubert, M Jónsson, H Chang, D Der Sarkissian, C Ermini, L Ginolhac, A Albrechtsen, A Dupanloup, I Foucal, A Petersen, B Fumagalli, M Raghavan, M Seguin-Orlando, A Korneliussen, TS Velazquez, AM Stenderup, J Hoover, CA Rubin, CJ Alfarhan, AH Alquraishi, SA Al-Rasheid, KA MacHugh, DE Kalbfleisch, T MacLeod, JN Rubin, EM Sicheritz-Ponten, T Andersson, L Hofreiter, M Marques-Bonet, T Gilbert, MT Nielsen, R Excoffier, L Willerslev, E Shapiro, B Orlando, L |
author_facet |
Schubert, M Jónsson, H Chang, D Der Sarkissian, C Ermini, L Ginolhac, A Albrechtsen, A Dupanloup, I Foucal, A Petersen, B Fumagalli, M Raghavan, M Seguin-Orlando, A Korneliussen, TS Velazquez, AM Stenderup, J Hoover, CA Rubin, CJ Alfarhan, AH Alquraishi, SA Al-Rasheid, KA MacHugh, DE Kalbfleisch, T MacLeod, JN Rubin, EM Sicheritz-Ponten, T Andersson, L Hofreiter, M Marques-Bonet, T Gilbert, MT Nielsen, R Excoffier, L Willerslev, E Shapiro, B Orlando, L |
author_sort |
Schubert, M |
title |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
title_short |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
title_full |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
title_fullStr |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
title_sort |
prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1461692/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(8.308,8.308,63.772,63.772) ENVELOPE(89.987,89.987,68.219,68.219) |
geographic |
Kya Taymyr |
geographic_facet |
Kya Taymyr |
genre |
Taymyr |
genre_facet |
Taymyr |
op_source |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 111 (52) E5661 - E5669. (2014) |
_version_ |
1766215211590615040 |