Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events
The balloon-borne ANITA [1] experiment is designed to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emissions produced by in-ice showers. Although initially purposed for interactions within the Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also demonstrated the ability to self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/1/2009.13010.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/ |
id |
ftucl:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10132542 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftucl:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10132542 2023-12-24T10:08:40+01:00 Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events Smith, D Besson, DZ Deaconu, C Prohira, S Allison, P Batten, L Beatty, JJ Binns, WR Bugaev, V Cao, P Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Cremonesi, L Dasgupta, P Gorham, PW Israel, MH Liu, TC Ludwig, A Matsuno, S Miki, C Nam, J Novikov, A Nichol, RJ Oberla, E Prechelt, R Rauch, BF Russell, J Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Varner, GS Vieregg, AG Wissel, SA 2021-04 text https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/1/2009.13010.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/ eng eng IOP PUBLISHING LTD https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/1/2009.13010.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/ open Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 2021 (4) , Article 016. (2021) cosmic ray experiments cosmological neutrinos ultra high energy cosmic rays ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET NEUTRINO DETECTOR SURFACE RADAR PERFORMANCE SCATTERING DESIGN SNOW Article 2021 ftucl 2023-11-27T13:07:37Z The balloon-borne ANITA [1] experiment is designed to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emissions produced by in-ice showers. Although initially purposed for interactions within the Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also demonstrated the ability to self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high energy charged cosmic rays [2] (CR) interacting in the Earth's atmosphere. For showers produced above the Antarctic ice sheet, reflection of the down-coming radio signals at the Antarctic surface should result in a polarity inversion prior to subsequent observation at the ~35–40 km altitude ANITA gondola. Based on data taken during the ANITA-1 and ANITA-3 flights, ANITA published two anomalous instances of upcoming cosmic-rays with measured polarity opposite the remaining sample of ~50 UHECR signals [3, 4]. The steep observed upwards incidence angles (25–30 degrees relative to the horizontal) require non-Standard Model physics if these events are due to in-ice neutrino interactions, as the Standard Model cross-section would otherwise prohibit neutrinos from penetrating the long required chord of Earth. Shoemaker et al. [5] posit that glaciological effects may explain the steep observed anomalous events. We herein consider the scenarios offered by Shoemaker et al. and find them to be disfavored by extant ANITA and HiCal experimental data. We note that the recent report of four additional near-horizon anomalous ANITA-4 events [6], at >3σ significance, are incompatible with their model, which requires significant signal transmission into the ice. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet University College London: UCL Discovery Antarctic The Antarctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University College London: UCL Discovery |
op_collection_id |
ftucl |
language |
English |
topic |
cosmic ray experiments cosmological neutrinos ultra high energy cosmic rays ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET NEUTRINO DETECTOR SURFACE RADAR PERFORMANCE SCATTERING DESIGN SNOW |
spellingShingle |
cosmic ray experiments cosmological neutrinos ultra high energy cosmic rays ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET NEUTRINO DETECTOR SURFACE RADAR PERFORMANCE SCATTERING DESIGN SNOW Smith, D Besson, DZ Deaconu, C Prohira, S Allison, P Batten, L Beatty, JJ Binns, WR Bugaev, V Cao, P Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Cremonesi, L Dasgupta, P Gorham, PW Israel, MH Liu, TC Ludwig, A Matsuno, S Miki, C Nam, J Novikov, A Nichol, RJ Oberla, E Prechelt, R Rauch, BF Russell, J Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Varner, GS Vieregg, AG Wissel, SA Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events |
topic_facet |
cosmic ray experiments cosmological neutrinos ultra high energy cosmic rays ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET NEUTRINO DETECTOR SURFACE RADAR PERFORMANCE SCATTERING DESIGN SNOW |
description |
The balloon-borne ANITA [1] experiment is designed to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emissions produced by in-ice showers. Although initially purposed for interactions within the Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also demonstrated the ability to self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high energy charged cosmic rays [2] (CR) interacting in the Earth's atmosphere. For showers produced above the Antarctic ice sheet, reflection of the down-coming radio signals at the Antarctic surface should result in a polarity inversion prior to subsequent observation at the ~35–40 km altitude ANITA gondola. Based on data taken during the ANITA-1 and ANITA-3 flights, ANITA published two anomalous instances of upcoming cosmic-rays with measured polarity opposite the remaining sample of ~50 UHECR signals [3, 4]. The steep observed upwards incidence angles (25–30 degrees relative to the horizontal) require non-Standard Model physics if these events are due to in-ice neutrino interactions, as the Standard Model cross-section would otherwise prohibit neutrinos from penetrating the long required chord of Earth. Shoemaker et al. [5] posit that glaciological effects may explain the steep observed anomalous events. We herein consider the scenarios offered by Shoemaker et al. and find them to be disfavored by extant ANITA and HiCal experimental data. We note that the recent report of four additional near-horizon anomalous ANITA-4 events [6], at >3σ significance, are incompatible with their model, which requires significant signal transmission into the ice. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smith, D Besson, DZ Deaconu, C Prohira, S Allison, P Batten, L Beatty, JJ Binns, WR Bugaev, V Cao, P Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Cremonesi, L Dasgupta, P Gorham, PW Israel, MH Liu, TC Ludwig, A Matsuno, S Miki, C Nam, J Novikov, A Nichol, RJ Oberla, E Prechelt, R Rauch, BF Russell, J Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Varner, GS Vieregg, AG Wissel, SA |
author_facet |
Smith, D Besson, DZ Deaconu, C Prohira, S Allison, P Batten, L Beatty, JJ Binns, WR Bugaev, V Cao, P Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Cremonesi, L Dasgupta, P Gorham, PW Israel, MH Liu, TC Ludwig, A Matsuno, S Miki, C Nam, J Novikov, A Nichol, RJ Oberla, E Prechelt, R Rauch, BF Russell, J Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Varner, GS Vieregg, AG Wissel, SA |
author_sort |
Smith, D |
title |
Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events |
title_short |
Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events |
title_full |
Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events |
title_fullStr |
Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events |
title_sort |
experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the anita anomalous events |
publisher |
IOP PUBLISHING LTD |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/1/2009.13010.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/ |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet |
op_source |
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 2021 (4) , Article 016. (2021) |
op_relation |
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/1/2009.13010.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10132542/ |
op_rights |
open |
_version_ |
1786203002507362304 |