Review article: Earth's ice imbalance
We combine satellite observations and numerical models to show that Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017. Arctic sea ice (7.6 trillion tonnes), Antarctic ice shelves (6.5 trillion tonnes), mountain glaciers (6.1 trillion tonnes), the Greenland ice sheet (3.8 trillion tonnes), t...
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Copernicus GmbH
2021
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ftucl:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10120181 2023-12-24T10:11:29+01:00 Review article: Earth's ice imbalance Slater, T Lawrence, IR Otosaka, IN Shepherd, A Gourmelen, N Jakob, L Tepes, P Gilbert, L Nienow, P 2021-01-25 text https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/1/tc-15-233-2021.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/7/tc-15-233-2021-corrigendum.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/ eng eng Copernicus GmbH https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/1/tc-15-233-2021.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/7/tc-15-233-2021-corrigendum.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/ open The Cryosphere , 15 (1) pp. 233-246. (2021) Article 2021 ftucl 2023-11-27T13:07:36Z We combine satellite observations and numerical models to show that Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017. Arctic sea ice (7.6 trillion tonnes), Antarctic ice shelves (6.5 trillion tonnes), mountain glaciers (6.1 trillion tonnes), the Greenland ice sheet (3.8 trillion tonnes), the Antarctic ice sheet (2.5 trillion tonnes), and Southern Ocean sea ice (0.9 trillion tonnes) have all decreased in mass. Just over half (58 %) of the ice loss was from the Northern Hemisphere, and the remainder (42 %) was from the Southern Hemisphere. The rate of ice loss has risen by 57 % since the 1990s – from 0.8 to 1.2 trillion tonnes per year – owing to increased losses from mountain glaciers, Antarctica, Greenland and from Antarctic ice shelves. During the same period, the loss of grounded ice from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and mountain glaciers raised the global sea level by 34.6 ± 3.1 mm. The majority of all ice losses were driven by atmospheric melting (68 % from Arctic sea ice, mountain glaciers ice shelf calving and ice sheet surface mass balance), with the remaining losses (32 % from ice sheet discharge and ice shelf thinning) being driven by oceanic melting. Altogether, these elements of the cryosphere have taken up 3.2 % of the global energy imbalance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Sea ice Southern Ocean The Cryosphere University College London: UCL Discovery Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Greenland |
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University College London: UCL Discovery |
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ftucl |
language |
English |
description |
We combine satellite observations and numerical models to show that Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017. Arctic sea ice (7.6 trillion tonnes), Antarctic ice shelves (6.5 trillion tonnes), mountain glaciers (6.1 trillion tonnes), the Greenland ice sheet (3.8 trillion tonnes), the Antarctic ice sheet (2.5 trillion tonnes), and Southern Ocean sea ice (0.9 trillion tonnes) have all decreased in mass. Just over half (58 %) of the ice loss was from the Northern Hemisphere, and the remainder (42 %) was from the Southern Hemisphere. The rate of ice loss has risen by 57 % since the 1990s – from 0.8 to 1.2 trillion tonnes per year – owing to increased losses from mountain glaciers, Antarctica, Greenland and from Antarctic ice shelves. During the same period, the loss of grounded ice from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and mountain glaciers raised the global sea level by 34.6 ± 3.1 mm. The majority of all ice losses were driven by atmospheric melting (68 % from Arctic sea ice, mountain glaciers ice shelf calving and ice sheet surface mass balance), with the remaining losses (32 % from ice sheet discharge and ice shelf thinning) being driven by oceanic melting. Altogether, these elements of the cryosphere have taken up 3.2 % of the global energy imbalance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Slater, T Lawrence, IR Otosaka, IN Shepherd, A Gourmelen, N Jakob, L Tepes, P Gilbert, L Nienow, P |
spellingShingle |
Slater, T Lawrence, IR Otosaka, IN Shepherd, A Gourmelen, N Jakob, L Tepes, P Gilbert, L Nienow, P Review article: Earth's ice imbalance |
author_facet |
Slater, T Lawrence, IR Otosaka, IN Shepherd, A Gourmelen, N Jakob, L Tepes, P Gilbert, L Nienow, P |
author_sort |
Slater, T |
title |
Review article: Earth's ice imbalance |
title_short |
Review article: Earth's ice imbalance |
title_full |
Review article: Earth's ice imbalance |
title_fullStr |
Review article: Earth's ice imbalance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Review article: Earth's ice imbalance |
title_sort |
review article: earth's ice imbalance |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/1/tc-15-233-2021.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/7/tc-15-233-2021-corrigendum.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/ |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Sea ice Southern Ocean The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Sea ice Southern Ocean The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere , 15 (1) pp. 233-246. (2021) |
op_relation |
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/1/tc-15-233-2021.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/7/tc-15-233-2021-corrigendum.pdf https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120181/ |
op_rights |
open |
_version_ |
1786165705300770816 |