Alma Imaging And Gravitational Lens Models Of South Pole Telescope-selected Dusty, Star-forming Galaxies At High Redshifts

• Main Authors: Spilker, JS, Marrone, DP, Aravena, M, Bethermin, M, Bothwell, MS, Carlstrom, JE, Chapman, SC, Crawford, TM, de Breuck, C, Fassnacht, CD, Gonzalez, AH, Greve, TR, Hezaveh, Y, Litke, K, Ma, J, Malkan, M, Rotermund, KM, Strandet, M, Vieira, JD, Weiss, A, Welikala, N
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: IOP PUBLISHING LTD 2016
• Subjects: galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: star formation; South Pole; South pole
• Online Access: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10038429/1/Spilker_2016_ApJ_826_112.pdf; https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10038429/

The South Pole Telescope has discovered 100 gravitationally lensed, high-redshift, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). We present 0farcs5 resolution 870 $\mu {\rm{m}}$ Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging of a sample of 47 DSFGs spanning $z=1.9\mbox{--}5.7$, and construct gravitational lens models of these sources. Our visibility-based lens modeling incorporates several sources of residual interferometric calibration uncertainty, allowing us to properly account for noise in the observations. At least 70% of the sources are strongly lensed by foreground galaxies (${\mu }_{870\mu {\rm{m}}}\gt 2$), with a median magnification of ${\mu }_{870\mu {\rm{m}}}=6.3$, extending to ${\mu }_{870\mu {\rm{m}}}\gt 30$. We compare the intrinsic size distribution of the strongly lensed sources to a similar number of unlensed DSFGs and find no significant differences in spite of a bias between the magnification and intrinsic source size. This may indicate that the true size distribution of DSFGs is relatively narrow. We use the source sizes to constrain the wavelength at which the dust optical depth is unity and find this wavelength to be correlated with the dust temperature. This correlation leads to discrepancies in dust mass estimates of a factor of two compared to estimates using a single value for this wavelength. We investigate the relationship between the [C ii] line and the far-infrared luminosity and find that the same correlation between the [C ii]/${L}_{{\rm{FIR}}}$ ratio and ${{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{{\rm{FIR}}}$ found for low-redshift star-forming galaxies applies to high-redshift galaxies and extends at least two orders of magnitude higher in ${{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{{\rm{FIR}}}$. This lends further credence to the claim that the compactness of the IR-emitting region is the controlling parameter in establishing the "[C ii] deficit."