Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations
Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean’s sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This di...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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BioOne
2015
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/ http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/1/45-422-1-SM.pdf https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences: ESC Publications |
op_collection_id |
ftucambridgeesc |
language |
English |
topic |
01 - Climate Change and Earth-Ocean Atmosphere Systems |
spellingShingle |
01 - Climate Change and Earth-Ocean Atmosphere Systems Miller, Lisa A. Fripiat, Francois Else, Brent G.T. Bowman, Jeff S. Brown, Kristina A. Collins, R. Eric Ewert, Marcela Fransson, Agneta Gosselin, Michel Lannuzel, Delphine Meiners, Klaus M. Michel, Christine Nishioka, Jun Nomura, Daiki Papadimitriou, Stathys Russell, Lynn M. Sørensen, Lise Lotte Thomas, David N. Tison, Jean-Louis van Leeuwe, Maria A. Vancoppenolle, Martin Wolff, Eric W. Zhou, Jiayun Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
topic_facet |
01 - Climate Change and Earth-Ocean Atmosphere Systems |
description |
Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean’s sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This disciplinary diversity has contributed a wide range of methodological techniques and approaches to sea-ice studies, complicating comparisons of the results and the development of conceptual and numerical models to describe the important biogeochemical processes occurring in sea ice. Almost all chemical elements, compounds, and biogeochemical processes relevant to Earth system science are measured in sea ice, with published methods available for determining biomass, pigments, net community production, primary production, bacterial activity, macronutrients, numerous natural and anthropogenic organic compounds, trace elements, reactive and inert gases, sulfur species, the carbon dioxide system parameters, stable isotopes, and water-ice-atmosphere fluxes of gases, liquids, and solids. For most of these measurements, multiple sampling and processing techniques are available, but to date there has been little intercomparison or intercalibration between methods. In addition, researchers collect different types of ancillary data and document their samples differently, further confounding comparisons between studies. These problems are compounded by the heterogeneity of sea ice, in which even adjacent cores can have dramatically different biogeochemical compositions. We recommend that, in future investigations, researchers design their programs based on nested sampling patterns, collect a core suite of ancillary measurements, and employ a standard approach for sample identification and documentation. In addition, intercalibration exercises are most critically needed for measurements of biomass, primary production, nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic matter (including exopolymers), the CO2 system, air-ice gas fluxes, and aerosol production. We also encourage the development of in situ probes robust enough for long-term deployment in sea ice, particularly for biological parameters, the CO2 system, and other gases. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Miller, Lisa A. Fripiat, Francois Else, Brent G.T. Bowman, Jeff S. Brown, Kristina A. Collins, R. Eric Ewert, Marcela Fransson, Agneta Gosselin, Michel Lannuzel, Delphine Meiners, Klaus M. Michel, Christine Nishioka, Jun Nomura, Daiki Papadimitriou, Stathys Russell, Lynn M. Sørensen, Lise Lotte Thomas, David N. Tison, Jean-Louis van Leeuwe, Maria A. Vancoppenolle, Martin Wolff, Eric W. Zhou, Jiayun |
author_facet |
Miller, Lisa A. Fripiat, Francois Else, Brent G.T. Bowman, Jeff S. Brown, Kristina A. Collins, R. Eric Ewert, Marcela Fransson, Agneta Gosselin, Michel Lannuzel, Delphine Meiners, Klaus M. Michel, Christine Nishioka, Jun Nomura, Daiki Papadimitriou, Stathys Russell, Lynn M. Sørensen, Lise Lotte Thomas, David N. Tison, Jean-Louis van Leeuwe, Maria A. Vancoppenolle, Martin Wolff, Eric W. Zhou, Jiayun |
author_sort |
Miller, Lisa A. |
title |
Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
title_short |
Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
title_full |
Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
title_fullStr |
Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
title_sort |
methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: the state of the art, caveats, and recommendations |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/ http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/1/45-422-1-SM.pdf https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/1/45-422-1-SM.pdf Miller, Lisa A. and Fripiat, Francois and Else, Brent G.T. and Bowman, Jeff S. and Brown, Kristina A. and Collins, R. Eric and Ewert, Marcela and Fransson, Agneta and Gosselin, Michel and Lannuzel, Delphine and Meiners, Klaus M. and Michel, Christine and Nishioka, Jun and Nomura, Daiki and Papadimitriou, Stathys and Russell, Lynn M. and Sørensen, Lise Lotte and Thomas, David N. and Tison, Jean-Louis and van Leeuwe, Maria A. and Vancoppenolle, Martin and Wolff, Eric W. and Zhou, Jiayun (2015) Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 3. 000038. ISSN 2325-1026 DOI https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 <https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
3 |
_version_ |
1766190328201609216 |
spelling |
ftucambridgeesc:oai:eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk:3910 2023-05-15T18:16:36+02:00 Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations Miller, Lisa A. Fripiat, Francois Else, Brent G.T. Bowman, Jeff S. Brown, Kristina A. Collins, R. Eric Ewert, Marcela Fransson, Agneta Gosselin, Michel Lannuzel, Delphine Meiners, Klaus M. Michel, Christine Nishioka, Jun Nomura, Daiki Papadimitriou, Stathys Russell, Lynn M. Sørensen, Lise Lotte Thomas, David N. Tison, Jean-Louis van Leeuwe, Maria A. Vancoppenolle, Martin Wolff, Eric W. Zhou, Jiayun 2015 text http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/ http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/1/45-422-1-SM.pdf https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 en eng BioOne http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3910/1/45-422-1-SM.pdf Miller, Lisa A. and Fripiat, Francois and Else, Brent G.T. and Bowman, Jeff S. and Brown, Kristina A. and Collins, R. Eric and Ewert, Marcela and Fransson, Agneta and Gosselin, Michel and Lannuzel, Delphine and Meiners, Klaus M. and Michel, Christine and Nishioka, Jun and Nomura, Daiki and Papadimitriou, Stathys and Russell, Lynn M. and Sørensen, Lise Lotte and Thomas, David N. and Tison, Jean-Louis and van Leeuwe, Maria A. and Vancoppenolle, Martin and Wolff, Eric W. and Zhou, Jiayun (2015) Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 3. 000038. ISSN 2325-1026 DOI https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 <https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038> 01 - Climate Change and Earth-Ocean Atmosphere Systems Article PeerReviewed 2015 ftucambridgeesc https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038 2020-08-27T18:09:49Z Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean’s sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This disciplinary diversity has contributed a wide range of methodological techniques and approaches to sea-ice studies, complicating comparisons of the results and the development of conceptual and numerical models to describe the important biogeochemical processes occurring in sea ice. Almost all chemical elements, compounds, and biogeochemical processes relevant to Earth system science are measured in sea ice, with published methods available for determining biomass, pigments, net community production, primary production, bacterial activity, macronutrients, numerous natural and anthropogenic organic compounds, trace elements, reactive and inert gases, sulfur species, the carbon dioxide system parameters, stable isotopes, and water-ice-atmosphere fluxes of gases, liquids, and solids. For most of these measurements, multiple sampling and processing techniques are available, but to date there has been little intercomparison or intercalibration between methods. In addition, researchers collect different types of ancillary data and document their samples differently, further confounding comparisons between studies. These problems are compounded by the heterogeneity of sea ice, in which even adjacent cores can have dramatically different biogeochemical compositions. We recommend that, in future investigations, researchers design their programs based on nested sampling patterns, collect a core suite of ancillary measurements, and employ a standard approach for sample identification and documentation. In addition, intercalibration exercises are most critically needed for measurements of biomass, primary production, nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic matter (including exopolymers), the CO2 system, air-ice gas fluxes, and aerosol production. We also encourage the development of in situ probes robust enough for long-term deployment in sea ice, particularly for biological parameters, the CO2 system, and other gases. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences: ESC Publications Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 3 |