Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa
We report on ground-based atmospheric measurements and emission estimates of the four anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) HFC-365mfc (CH 3 CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane), HFC-245fa (CHF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane), HFC-227ea (CF 3 CHFCF 3 , 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluor...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1983/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955408308&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftubristolcris:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 2024-04-21T07:52:38+00:00 Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa Vollmer, Martin K. Miller, Benjamin R. Rigby, Matthew Reimann, Stefan Mühle, Jens Krummel, Paul B. O'Doherty, Simon Kim, Jooil Rhee, Tae Siek Weiss, Ray F. Fraser, Paul J. Simmonds, Peter G. Salameh, Peter K. Harth, Christina M. Wang, Ray H J Steele, L. Paul Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Ivy, Diane Arnold, Tim Schmidbauer, Norbert Kim, Kyung Ryul Greally, Brian R. Hill, Matthias Leist, Michael Wenger, Angelina Prinn, Ronald G. 2011-04-22 https://hdl.handle.net/1983/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955408308&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Vollmer , M K , Miller , B R , Rigby , M , Reimann , S , Mühle , J , Krummel , P B , O'Doherty , S , Kim , J , Rhee , T S , Weiss , R F , Fraser , P J , Simmonds , P G , Salameh , P K , Harth , C M , Wang , R H J , Steele , L P , Young , D , Lunder , C R , Hermansen , O , Ivy , D , Arnold , T , Schmidbauer , N , Kim , K R , Greally , B R , Hill , M , Leist , M , Wenger , A & Prinn , R G 2011 , ' Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa ' , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , vol. 116 , no. 8 , D08304 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 article 2011 ftubristolcris https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 2024-03-27T15:11:08Z We report on ground-based atmospheric measurements and emission estimates of the four anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) HFC-365mfc (CH 3 CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane), HFC-245fa (CHF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane), HFC-227ea (CF 3 CHFCF 3 , 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), and HFC-236fa (CF 3 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane). In situ measurements are from the global monitoring sites of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), the System for Observations of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases in Europe (SOGE), and Gosan (South Korea). We include the first halocarbon flask sample measurements from the Antarctic research stations King Sejong and Troll. We also present measurements of archived air samples from both hemispheres back to the 1970s. We use a two-dimensional atmospheric transport model to simulate global atmospheric abundances and to estimate global emissions. HFC-365mfc and HFC-245fa first appeared in the atmosphere only ∼1 decade ago; they have grown rapidly to globally averaged dry air mole fractions of 0.53 ppt (in parts per trillion, 10 −12 ) and 1.1 ppt, respectively, by the end of 2010. In contrast, HFC-227ea first appeared in the global atmosphere in the 1980s and has since grown to ∼0.58 ppt. We report the first measurements of HFC-236fa in the atmosphere. This long-lived compound was present in the atmosphere at only 0.074 ppt in 2010. All four substances exhibit yearly growth rates of >8% yr −1 at the end of 2010. We find rapidly increasing emissions for the foam-blowing compounds HFC-365mfc and HFC-245fa starting in ∼2002. After peaking in 2006 (HFC-365mfc: 3.2 kt yr −1 , HFC-245fa: 6.5 kt yr −1 ), emissions began to decline. Our results for these two compounds suggest that recent estimates from long-term projections (to the late 21st century) have strongly overestimated emissions for the early years of the projections (∼2005–2010). Global HFC-227ea and HFC-236fa emissions have grown to average values of 2.4 kt yr −1 and 0.18 kt yr ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic University of Bristol: Bristol Research Journal of Geophysical Research 116 D8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bristol: Bristol Research |
op_collection_id |
ftubristolcris |
language |
English |
description |
We report on ground-based atmospheric measurements and emission estimates of the four anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) HFC-365mfc (CH 3 CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane), HFC-245fa (CHF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane), HFC-227ea (CF 3 CHFCF 3 , 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), and HFC-236fa (CF 3 CH 2 CF 3 , 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane). In situ measurements are from the global monitoring sites of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), the System for Observations of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases in Europe (SOGE), and Gosan (South Korea). We include the first halocarbon flask sample measurements from the Antarctic research stations King Sejong and Troll. We also present measurements of archived air samples from both hemispheres back to the 1970s. We use a two-dimensional atmospheric transport model to simulate global atmospheric abundances and to estimate global emissions. HFC-365mfc and HFC-245fa first appeared in the atmosphere only ∼1 decade ago; they have grown rapidly to globally averaged dry air mole fractions of 0.53 ppt (in parts per trillion, 10 −12 ) and 1.1 ppt, respectively, by the end of 2010. In contrast, HFC-227ea first appeared in the global atmosphere in the 1980s and has since grown to ∼0.58 ppt. We report the first measurements of HFC-236fa in the atmosphere. This long-lived compound was present in the atmosphere at only 0.074 ppt in 2010. All four substances exhibit yearly growth rates of >8% yr −1 at the end of 2010. We find rapidly increasing emissions for the foam-blowing compounds HFC-365mfc and HFC-245fa starting in ∼2002. After peaking in 2006 (HFC-365mfc: 3.2 kt yr −1 , HFC-245fa: 6.5 kt yr −1 ), emissions began to decline. Our results for these two compounds suggest that recent estimates from long-term projections (to the late 21st century) have strongly overestimated emissions for the early years of the projections (∼2005–2010). Global HFC-227ea and HFC-236fa emissions have grown to average values of 2.4 kt yr −1 and 0.18 kt yr ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vollmer, Martin K. Miller, Benjamin R. Rigby, Matthew Reimann, Stefan Mühle, Jens Krummel, Paul B. O'Doherty, Simon Kim, Jooil Rhee, Tae Siek Weiss, Ray F. Fraser, Paul J. Simmonds, Peter G. Salameh, Peter K. Harth, Christina M. Wang, Ray H J Steele, L. Paul Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Ivy, Diane Arnold, Tim Schmidbauer, Norbert Kim, Kyung Ryul Greally, Brian R. Hill, Matthias Leist, Michael Wenger, Angelina Prinn, Ronald G. |
spellingShingle |
Vollmer, Martin K. Miller, Benjamin R. Rigby, Matthew Reimann, Stefan Mühle, Jens Krummel, Paul B. O'Doherty, Simon Kim, Jooil Rhee, Tae Siek Weiss, Ray F. Fraser, Paul J. Simmonds, Peter G. Salameh, Peter K. Harth, Christina M. Wang, Ray H J Steele, L. Paul Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Ivy, Diane Arnold, Tim Schmidbauer, Norbert Kim, Kyung Ryul Greally, Brian R. Hill, Matthias Leist, Michael Wenger, Angelina Prinn, Ronald G. Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa |
author_facet |
Vollmer, Martin K. Miller, Benjamin R. Rigby, Matthew Reimann, Stefan Mühle, Jens Krummel, Paul B. O'Doherty, Simon Kim, Jooil Rhee, Tae Siek Weiss, Ray F. Fraser, Paul J. Simmonds, Peter G. Salameh, Peter K. Harth, Christina M. Wang, Ray H J Steele, L. Paul Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Ivy, Diane Arnold, Tim Schmidbauer, Norbert Kim, Kyung Ryul Greally, Brian R. Hill, Matthias Leist, Michael Wenger, Angelina Prinn, Ronald G. |
author_sort |
Vollmer, Martin K. |
title |
Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa |
title_short |
Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa |
title_full |
Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa |
title_sort |
atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons hfc-365mfc, hfc-245fa, hfc-227ea, and hfc-236fa |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1983/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955408308&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Vollmer , M K , Miller , B R , Rigby , M , Reimann , S , Mühle , J , Krummel , P B , O'Doherty , S , Kim , J , Rhee , T S , Weiss , R F , Fraser , P J , Simmonds , P G , Salameh , P K , Harth , C M , Wang , R H J , Steele , L P , Young , D , Lunder , C R , Hermansen , O , Ivy , D , Arnold , T , Schmidbauer , N , Kim , K R , Greally , B R , Hill , M , Leist , M , Wenger , A & Prinn , R G 2011 , ' Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa ' , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , vol. 116 , no. 8 , D08304 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 |
op_relation |
https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/e6b33763-6d14-45a6-87d2-9b62d9764971 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015309 |
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Journal of Geophysical Research |
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116 |
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D8 |
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1796935837070393344 |