Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier
The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with predicted temperature increases of 5–7 ∘C and the accompanying extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. Retreating glaciers will reveal new land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately succeeding to tundra o...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1983/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/241626831/acp_20_7243_2020.pdf |
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ftubristolcris:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad 2024-05-19T07:33:19+00:00 Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier Macdonald, Moya L Wadham, Jemma L Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume O'Doherty, Simon 2020-06-23 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1983/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/241626831/acp_20_7243_2020.pdf eng eng https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Macdonald , M L , Wadham , J L , Young , D , Lunder , C R , Hermansen , O , Lamarche-Gagnon , G & O'Doherty , S 2020 , ' Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier ' , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 20 , pp. 7243-7258 . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 article 2020 ftubristolcris https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 2024-04-30T23:54:51Z The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with predicted temperature increases of 5–7 ∘C and the accompanying extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. Retreating glaciers will reveal new land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately succeeding to tundra over decades to centuries. An unexplored dimension to these changes is the impact upon the emission and consumption of halogenated organic compounds (halocarbons). Halocarbons are involved in several important atmospheric processes, including ozone destruction, and despite considerable research, uncertainties remain in the natural cycles of some of these compounds. Using flux chambers, we measured halocarbon fluxes across the glacier forefield (the area between the present-day position of a glacier's ice-front and that at the last glacial maximum) of a high-Arctic glacier in Svalbard, spanning recently exposed sediments (<10 years) to approximately 1950-year-old tundra. Forefield land surfaces were found to consume methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br), with both consumption and emission of methyl iodide (CH3I) observed. Bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) have rarely been measured from terrestrial sources but were here found to be emitted across the forefield. Novel measurements conducted on terrestrial cyanobacterial mats covering relatively young surfaces showed similar measured fluxes to the oldest, vegetated tundra sites for CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I (which were consumed) and for CHCl3 and CHBr3 (which were emitted). Consumption rates of CH3Cl and CH3Br and emission rates of CHCl3 from tundra and cyanobacterial mat sites were within the ranges reported from older and more established Arctic tundra elsewhere. Rough calculations showed total emissions and consumptions of these gases across the Arctic were small relative to other sources and sinks due to the small surface area represented by glacier forefields. We have demonstrated that glacier forefields can consume and emit halocarbons ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic glacier Svalbard Tundra University of Bristol: Bristol Research Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20 12 7243 7258 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bristol: Bristol Research |
op_collection_id |
ftubristolcris |
language |
English |
description |
The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with predicted temperature increases of 5–7 ∘C and the accompanying extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. Retreating glaciers will reveal new land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately succeeding to tundra over decades to centuries. An unexplored dimension to these changes is the impact upon the emission and consumption of halogenated organic compounds (halocarbons). Halocarbons are involved in several important atmospheric processes, including ozone destruction, and despite considerable research, uncertainties remain in the natural cycles of some of these compounds. Using flux chambers, we measured halocarbon fluxes across the glacier forefield (the area between the present-day position of a glacier's ice-front and that at the last glacial maximum) of a high-Arctic glacier in Svalbard, spanning recently exposed sediments (<10 years) to approximately 1950-year-old tundra. Forefield land surfaces were found to consume methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br), with both consumption and emission of methyl iodide (CH3I) observed. Bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) have rarely been measured from terrestrial sources but were here found to be emitted across the forefield. Novel measurements conducted on terrestrial cyanobacterial mats covering relatively young surfaces showed similar measured fluxes to the oldest, vegetated tundra sites for CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I (which were consumed) and for CHCl3 and CHBr3 (which were emitted). Consumption rates of CH3Cl and CH3Br and emission rates of CHCl3 from tundra and cyanobacterial mat sites were within the ranges reported from older and more established Arctic tundra elsewhere. Rough calculations showed total emissions and consumptions of these gases across the Arctic were small relative to other sources and sinks due to the small surface area represented by glacier forefields. We have demonstrated that glacier forefields can consume and emit halocarbons ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Macdonald, Moya L Wadham, Jemma L Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume O'Doherty, Simon |
spellingShingle |
Macdonald, Moya L Wadham, Jemma L Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume O'Doherty, Simon Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier |
author_facet |
Macdonald, Moya L Wadham, Jemma L Young, Dickon Lunder, Chris R. Hermansen, Ove Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume O'Doherty, Simon |
author_sort |
Macdonald, Moya L |
title |
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier |
title_short |
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier |
title_full |
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier |
title_fullStr |
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier |
title_full_unstemmed |
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier |
title_sort |
consumption of ch3cl, ch3br, and ch3i and emission of chcl3, chbr3, and ch2br2 from the forefield of a retreating arctic glacier |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1983/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/241626831/acp_20_7243_2020.pdf |
genre |
Arctic Arctic glacier Svalbard Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic glacier Svalbard Tundra |
op_source |
Macdonald , M L , Wadham , J L , Young , D , Lunder , C R , Hermansen , O , Lamarche-Gagnon , G & O'Doherty , S 2020 , ' Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier ' , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 20 , pp. 7243-7258 . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 |
op_relation |
https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a604461f-8eac-49a3-a855-b34d105f45ad |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7243-2020 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7243 |
op_container_end_page |
7258 |
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1799471387659730944 |