Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals
Predicting the impact of ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions on calcifying marine organisms is complex, owing to the synergy between direct changes (acidification) and indirect changes through climate change (e.g., warming, changes in ocean circulation, and deoxygenation). Laboratory experiments, pa...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1983/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/32513487/Foster_et_al_March13.doc http://www.pnas.org/content/110/23/9273 |
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ftubristolcris:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 2024-05-19T07:46:37+00:00 Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals Foster, Laura C. Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Arndt, Sandra Ridgwell, Andy 2013-06-04 application/msword https://hdl.handle.net/1983/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/32513487/Foster_et_al_March13.doc http://www.pnas.org/content/110/23/9273 eng eng https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Foster , L C , Schmidt , D N , Thomas , E , Arndt , S & Ridgwell , A 2013 , ' Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 110 , no. 23 , pp. 9273-9276 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 marine calcifiers greenhouse gases ecosystem stress response EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA PALEOCENE OCEAN EXTINCTION CALCIFICATION ACIDIFICATION TEMPERATURE IMPACT FUTURE article 2013 ftubristolcris https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 2024-04-23T23:46:57Z Predicting the impact of ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions on calcifying marine organisms is complex, owing to the synergy between direct changes (acidification) and indirect changes through climate change (e.g., warming, changes in ocean circulation, and deoxygenation). Laboratory experiments, particularly on longer-lived organisms, tend to be too short to reveal the potential of organisms to acclimatize, adapt, or evolve and usually do not incorporate multiple stressors. We studied two examples of rapid carbon release in the geological record, Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (similar to 53.2 Ma) and the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, similar to 55.5 Ma), the best analogs over the last 65 Ma for future ocean acidification related to high atmospheric CO2 levels. We use benthic foraminifers, which suffered severe extinction during the PETM, as a model group. Using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy, we reconstruct the calcification response of survivor species and find, contrary to expectations, that calcification significantly increased during the PETM. In contrast, there was no significant response to the smaller Eocene Thermal Maximum 2, which was associated with a minor change in diversity only. These observations suggest that there is a response threshold for extinction and calcification response, while highlighting the utility of the geological record in helping constrain the sensitivity of biotic response to environmental change. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification University of Bristol: Bristol Research Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 23 9273 9276 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bristol: Bristol Research |
op_collection_id |
ftubristolcris |
language |
English |
topic |
marine calcifiers greenhouse gases ecosystem stress response EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA PALEOCENE OCEAN EXTINCTION CALCIFICATION ACIDIFICATION TEMPERATURE IMPACT FUTURE |
spellingShingle |
marine calcifiers greenhouse gases ecosystem stress response EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA PALEOCENE OCEAN EXTINCTION CALCIFICATION ACIDIFICATION TEMPERATURE IMPACT FUTURE Foster, Laura C. Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Arndt, Sandra Ridgwell, Andy Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals |
topic_facet |
marine calcifiers greenhouse gases ecosystem stress response EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA PALEOCENE OCEAN EXTINCTION CALCIFICATION ACIDIFICATION TEMPERATURE IMPACT FUTURE |
description |
Predicting the impact of ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions on calcifying marine organisms is complex, owing to the synergy between direct changes (acidification) and indirect changes through climate change (e.g., warming, changes in ocean circulation, and deoxygenation). Laboratory experiments, particularly on longer-lived organisms, tend to be too short to reveal the potential of organisms to acclimatize, adapt, or evolve and usually do not incorporate multiple stressors. We studied two examples of rapid carbon release in the geological record, Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (similar to 53.2 Ma) and the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, similar to 55.5 Ma), the best analogs over the last 65 Ma for future ocean acidification related to high atmospheric CO2 levels. We use benthic foraminifers, which suffered severe extinction during the PETM, as a model group. Using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy, we reconstruct the calcification response of survivor species and find, contrary to expectations, that calcification significantly increased during the PETM. In contrast, there was no significant response to the smaller Eocene Thermal Maximum 2, which was associated with a minor change in diversity only. These observations suggest that there is a response threshold for extinction and calcification response, while highlighting the utility of the geological record in helping constrain the sensitivity of biotic response to environmental change. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Foster, Laura C. Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Arndt, Sandra Ridgwell, Andy |
author_facet |
Foster, Laura C. Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Arndt, Sandra Ridgwell, Andy |
author_sort |
Foster, Laura C. |
title |
Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals |
title_short |
Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals |
title_full |
Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals |
title_fullStr |
Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals |
title_sort |
surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the paleogene hyperthermals |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1983/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/32513487/Foster_et_al_March13.doc http://www.pnas.org/content/110/23/9273 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Foster , L C , Schmidt , D N , Thomas , E , Arndt , S & Ridgwell , A 2013 , ' Surviving rapid climate change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 110 , no. 23 , pp. 9273-9276 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 |
op_relation |
https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/70b75a6e-146b-467e-a451-272f4cb895c7 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300579110 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
110 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
9273 |
op_container_end_page |
9276 |
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1799486833440063488 |