More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes
The extratropical stratosphere in boreal winter is characterized by a strong circumpolar westerly jet, confining the coldest temperatures at high latitudes. The jet, referred to as the stratospheric polar vortex, is predominantly zonal and centered around the pole; however, it does exhibit large var...
Published in: | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
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ftubpotsdam:oai:kobv.de-opus4-uni-potsdam:54235 2023-05-15T15:05:19+02:00 More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes Kretschmer, Marlene Coumou, Dim (Dr.) Agel, Laurie Barlow, Mathew Tziperman, Eli Cohen, Judah 2018-01-01 https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54235 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0259.1 eng eng https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54235 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0259.1 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess ddc:530 Institut für Physik und Astronomie article doc-type:article 2018 ftubpotsdam https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0259.1 2022-07-28T20:51:26Z The extratropical stratosphere in boreal winter is characterized by a strong circumpolar westerly jet, confining the coldest temperatures at high latitudes. The jet, referred to as the stratospheric polar vortex, is predominantly zonal and centered around the pole; however, it does exhibit large variability in wind speed and location. Previous studies showed that a weak stratospheric polar vortex can lead to cold-air outbreaks in the midlatitudes, but the exact relationships and mechanisms are unclear. Particularly, it is unclear whether stratospheric variability has contributed to the observed anomalous cooling trends in midlatitude Eurasia. Using hierarchical clustering, we show that over the last 37 years, the frequency of weak vortex states in mid- to late winter (January and February) has increased, which was accompanied by subsequent cold extremes in midlatitude Eurasia. For this region, 60% of the observed cooling in the era of Arctic amplification, that is, since 1990, can be explained by the increased frequency of weak stratospheric polar vortex states, a number that increases to almost 80% when El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is included as well. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic University of Potsdam: publish.UP Arctic Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99 1 49 60 |
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University of Potsdam: publish.UP |
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ftubpotsdam |
language |
English |
topic |
ddc:530 Institut für Physik und Astronomie |
spellingShingle |
ddc:530 Institut für Physik und Astronomie Kretschmer, Marlene Coumou, Dim (Dr.) Agel, Laurie Barlow, Mathew Tziperman, Eli Cohen, Judah More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
topic_facet |
ddc:530 Institut für Physik und Astronomie |
description |
The extratropical stratosphere in boreal winter is characterized by a strong circumpolar westerly jet, confining the coldest temperatures at high latitudes. The jet, referred to as the stratospheric polar vortex, is predominantly zonal and centered around the pole; however, it does exhibit large variability in wind speed and location. Previous studies showed that a weak stratospheric polar vortex can lead to cold-air outbreaks in the midlatitudes, but the exact relationships and mechanisms are unclear. Particularly, it is unclear whether stratospheric variability has contributed to the observed anomalous cooling trends in midlatitude Eurasia. Using hierarchical clustering, we show that over the last 37 years, the frequency of weak vortex states in mid- to late winter (January and February) has increased, which was accompanied by subsequent cold extremes in midlatitude Eurasia. For this region, 60% of the observed cooling in the era of Arctic amplification, that is, since 1990, can be explained by the increased frequency of weak stratospheric polar vortex states, a number that increases to almost 80% when El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is included as well. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kretschmer, Marlene Coumou, Dim (Dr.) Agel, Laurie Barlow, Mathew Tziperman, Eli Cohen, Judah |
author_facet |
Kretschmer, Marlene Coumou, Dim (Dr.) Agel, Laurie Barlow, Mathew Tziperman, Eli Cohen, Judah |
author_sort |
Kretschmer, Marlene |
title |
More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
title_short |
More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
title_full |
More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
title_fullStr |
More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
title_full_unstemmed |
More-Persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
title_sort |
more-persistent weak stratospheric polar vortex states linked to cold extremes |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54235 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0259.1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54235 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0259.1 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0259.1 |
container_title |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
99 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
49 |
op_container_end_page |
60 |
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1766337042384420864 |