Agentivity and Participant Marking in Dena'ina Athabascan

• Main Author: Lovick, Olga Charlotte
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2005
• Subjects: ddc:490; Athabascan; Dena'ina; Alaska
• Online Access: https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/1727/; https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/1727/1/lovick1.pdf

This dissertation is concerned with strategies of participant marking in narrative texts in Dena�ina Athabascan, a language spoken in south-central Alaska. Dena�ina is a highly head-marking, polysynthetic language, and all referents (subjects, direct objects and postpositional objects) are encoded by pronominal affixes to the verb stem, as opposed to free pronouns or noun phrases. After a short introduction into the grammar of the language (chapter 1), the pronominal inventory as well as basic pronominal functions are explored (chapter 2). It is then shown that there is a significant asymmetry between the pronominal marking of first and second person referents (so called discourse referents) and of third person referents. These differences are: Discourse referents are always overtly encoded by a prefix, while third person referents can be encoded by null-marking; also, first and second person are marked in a different position within the verb word than third person prefixes. First and second person prefixes display case-marking, third person prefixes do not. An interesting semantic difference between prefixes encoding discourse referents on the one hand, and third person prefixes on the other, is that the latter group agree with their referent with respect to features such as animacy or humanness. Several examples are presented where the narrator makes use of this mechanism either to keep track of several referents without explicitely naming them, or to express his or her attitude towards particular referents, by either down- or upgrading them. It is concluded that first and second person on the one hand constitute a different category than third person on the other hand. Third person prefixes act more like semantic class markers than like pronominals (chapter 5). Last of all, the question of the interpretation of noun phrases (�who did what to whom�) is addressed, seeing that there is no case marking to disambiguate. It is shown that Dena�ina employs marking patterns based on assumptions on the �natural order ...