Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa
Dust particles mixed in the free troposphere have longer lifetimes than airborne particles near the surface. Their cumulative radiative impact on earth’s meteorological processes and climate might be significant despite their relatively small contribution to total dust abundance. One example is the...
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2020
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Online Access: | https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081/55095142 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 |
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ftubkarlsruhe:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000105081 2023-05-15T17:36:33+02:00 Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa Khan, Basit Stenchikov, Georgiy Weinzierl, Bernadett Kalenderski, Stoitchko Osipov, Sergey 2020-01-16 application/pdf https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081/55095142 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 eng eng Taylor & Francis Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000365974000001 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27170 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1600-0889 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081/55095142 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Tellus / B, 67 (1), Article no: 27170 ISSN: 1600-0889 regional modelling high resolution WRF-Chem SAL boundary layer dust load ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 doc-type:article Text info:eu-repo/semantics/article article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2020 ftubkarlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27170 2022-03-23T17:32:32Z Dust particles mixed in the free troposphere have longer lifetimes than airborne particles near the surface. Their cumulative radiative impact on earth’s meteorological processes and climate might be significant despite their relatively small contribution to total dust abundance. One example is the elevated dust-laden Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic, which cools the sea surface. To understand the formation mechanisms of a dust layer in the free troposphere, this study combines model simulations and dust observations collected during the first stage of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM-I), which sampled dust events that extended from Morocco to Portugal, and investigated the spatial distribution and the microphysical, optical, chemical, and radiative properties of Saharan mineral dust. The Weather Research Forecast model coupled with the Chemistry/Aerosol module (WRF-Chem) is employed to reproduce the meteorological environment and spatial and size distributions of dust. The model domain covers northwest Africa and adjacent water with 5 km horizontal grid spacing and 51 vertical layers. The experiments were run from 20 May to 9 June 2006, covering the period of the most intensive dust outbreaks. Comparisons of model results with available airborne and ground-based observations show that WRF-Chem reproduces observed meteorological fields as well as aerosol distribution across the entire region and along the airplane’s tracks. Several mechanisms that cause aerosol entrainment into the free troposphere are evaluated and it is found that orographic lifting, and interaction of sea breeze with the continental outflow are key mechanisms that form a surface-detached aerosol plume over the ocean. The model dust emission scheme is tuned to simultaneously fit the observed total optical depth and the ratio of aerosol optical depths generated by fine and coarse dust modes. Comparisons of simulated dust size distributions with airplane and ground-based observations are good for ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie) |
op_collection_id |
ftubkarlsruhe |
language |
English |
topic |
regional modelling high resolution WRF-Chem SAL boundary layer dust load ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 |
spellingShingle |
regional modelling high resolution WRF-Chem SAL boundary layer dust load ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 Khan, Basit Stenchikov, Georgiy Weinzierl, Bernadett Kalenderski, Stoitchko Osipov, Sergey Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa |
topic_facet |
regional modelling high resolution WRF-Chem SAL boundary layer dust load ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 |
description |
Dust particles mixed in the free troposphere have longer lifetimes than airborne particles near the surface. Their cumulative radiative impact on earth’s meteorological processes and climate might be significant despite their relatively small contribution to total dust abundance. One example is the elevated dust-laden Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic, which cools the sea surface. To understand the formation mechanisms of a dust layer in the free troposphere, this study combines model simulations and dust observations collected during the first stage of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM-I), which sampled dust events that extended from Morocco to Portugal, and investigated the spatial distribution and the microphysical, optical, chemical, and radiative properties of Saharan mineral dust. The Weather Research Forecast model coupled with the Chemistry/Aerosol module (WRF-Chem) is employed to reproduce the meteorological environment and spatial and size distributions of dust. The model domain covers northwest Africa and adjacent water with 5 km horizontal grid spacing and 51 vertical layers. The experiments were run from 20 May to 9 June 2006, covering the period of the most intensive dust outbreaks. Comparisons of model results with available airborne and ground-based observations show that WRF-Chem reproduces observed meteorological fields as well as aerosol distribution across the entire region and along the airplane’s tracks. Several mechanisms that cause aerosol entrainment into the free troposphere are evaluated and it is found that orographic lifting, and interaction of sea breeze with the continental outflow are key mechanisms that form a surface-detached aerosol plume over the ocean. The model dust emission scheme is tuned to simultaneously fit the observed total optical depth and the ratio of aerosol optical depths generated by fine and coarse dust modes. Comparisons of simulated dust size distributions with airplane and ground-based observations are good for ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Khan, Basit Stenchikov, Georgiy Weinzierl, Bernadett Kalenderski, Stoitchko Osipov, Sergey |
author_facet |
Khan, Basit Stenchikov, Georgiy Weinzierl, Bernadett Kalenderski, Stoitchko Osipov, Sergey |
author_sort |
Khan, Basit |
title |
Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa |
title_short |
Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa |
title_full |
Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa |
title_fullStr |
Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa |
title_sort |
dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the saharan mineral dust experiment in north africa |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Open Access |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081/55095142 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Tellus / B, 67 (1), Article no: 27170 ISSN: 1600-0889 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000365974000001 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27170 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1600-0889 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000105081/55095142 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000105081 https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27170 |
_version_ |
1766136076541362176 |