Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations
Trends of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) total column abundances above Kiruna (Northern Sweden, 67.84$^\circ\text{N}$, 20.41$^\circ\text{E}$) derived from nearly 14 years (1996–2009) of measurement and model data are presented. The measurements have be...
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European Geosciences Union
2014
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ftubkarlsruhe:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000038631 2023-05-15T17:04:10+02:00 Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations Kohlhepp, R. Barthlott, S. Blumenstock, Thomas Hase, F. Kaiser, I. Raffalski, U. Ruhnke, R. 2014-02-19 application/pdf https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631/20389316 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000038631 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:swb:90-386313 eng eng European Geosciences Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000291094500005 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/acp-11-4669-2011 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1680-7316 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1680-7324 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631/20389316 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000038631 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:swb:90-386313 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.de info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 11 (10), 4669-4677 ISSN: 1680-7316, 1680-7324 ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 doc-type:article Text info:eu-repo/semantics/article article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2014 ftubkarlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000038631 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4669-2011 2022-03-23T19:04:13Z Trends of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) total column abundances above Kiruna (Northern Sweden, 67.84$^\circ\text{N}$, 20.41$^\circ\text{E}$) derived from nearly 14 years (1996–2009) of measurement and model data are presented. The measurements have been performed with a Bruker 120HR (later Bruker 125 HR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and the chemistry-transport model (CTM) used was KASIMA (KArlsruhe SImulation model of the Middle Atmosphere). The total column abundances of ClONO2 and HF calculated by KASIMA agree quite well with the FTIR measurements while KASIMA tends to underestimate the HCl columns. To calculate the long-term trends, a linear function combined with an annual cycle was fitted to the data using a least squares method. The precision of the resulting trends was estimated with the bootstrap resampling method. For HF, both model and measurements show a positive trend that seems to decrease in the last few years. This suggests a stabilisation of the HF total column abundance. Between 1996 and 2009, KASIMA simulates an increase of (+1.51±0.07) %/yr which exceeds the FTIR result of (+0.65±0.25) %/yr. The trends determined for HCl and ClONO2 are significantly negative over the time period considered here. This is expected because the emission of their precursors (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons) has been restricted in the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and its amendments and adjustments. The trend for ClONO2 from the FTIR measurements amounts to (−3.28±0.56)%/yr and the one for HCl to (−0.81±0.23)%/yr. KASIMA simulates a weaker decrease: For ClONO2, the result is (−0.90±0.10) %/yr and for HCl (−0.17±0.06) %/yr. Part of the difference between measurement and model data can be explained by sampling and the stronger annual cycle indicated by the measurements. There is a factor of about four between the trends of HCl and ClONO2 above Kiruna for both measurement and model ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Kiruna Northern Sweden KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie) Kiruna |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie) |
op_collection_id |
ftubkarlsruhe |
language |
English |
topic |
ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 |
spellingShingle |
ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 Kohlhepp, R. Barthlott, S. Blumenstock, Thomas Hase, F. Kaiser, I. Raffalski, U. Ruhnke, R. Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations |
topic_facet |
ddc:550 Earth sciences info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 |
description |
Trends of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) total column abundances above Kiruna (Northern Sweden, 67.84$^\circ\text{N}$, 20.41$^\circ\text{E}$) derived from nearly 14 years (1996–2009) of measurement and model data are presented. The measurements have been performed with a Bruker 120HR (later Bruker 125 HR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and the chemistry-transport model (CTM) used was KASIMA (KArlsruhe SImulation model of the Middle Atmosphere). The total column abundances of ClONO2 and HF calculated by KASIMA agree quite well with the FTIR measurements while KASIMA tends to underestimate the HCl columns. To calculate the long-term trends, a linear function combined with an annual cycle was fitted to the data using a least squares method. The precision of the resulting trends was estimated with the bootstrap resampling method. For HF, both model and measurements show a positive trend that seems to decrease in the last few years. This suggests a stabilisation of the HF total column abundance. Between 1996 and 2009, KASIMA simulates an increase of (+1.51±0.07) %/yr which exceeds the FTIR result of (+0.65±0.25) %/yr. The trends determined for HCl and ClONO2 are significantly negative over the time period considered here. This is expected because the emission of their precursors (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons) has been restricted in the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and its amendments and adjustments. The trend for ClONO2 from the FTIR measurements amounts to (−3.28±0.56)%/yr and the one for HCl to (−0.81±0.23)%/yr. KASIMA simulates a weaker decrease: For ClONO2, the result is (−0.90±0.10) %/yr and for HCl (−0.17±0.06) %/yr. Part of the difference between measurement and model data can be explained by sampling and the stronger annual cycle indicated by the measurements. There is a factor of about four between the trends of HCl and ClONO2 above Kiruna for both measurement and model ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kohlhepp, R. Barthlott, S. Blumenstock, Thomas Hase, F. Kaiser, I. Raffalski, U. Ruhnke, R. |
author_facet |
Kohlhepp, R. Barthlott, S. Blumenstock, Thomas Hase, F. Kaiser, I. Raffalski, U. Ruhnke, R. |
author_sort |
Kohlhepp, R. |
title |
Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations |
title_short |
Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations |
title_full |
Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations |
title_fullStr |
Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trends of HCl, ClONO₂, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations |
title_sort |
trends of hcl, clono₂, and hf column abundances from ground-based ftir measurements in kiruna (sweden) in comparison with kasima model calculations |
publisher |
European Geosciences Union |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631/20389316 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000038631 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:swb:90-386313 |
geographic |
Kiruna |
geographic_facet |
Kiruna |
genre |
Kiruna Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Kiruna Northern Sweden |
op_source |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 11 (10), 4669-4677 ISSN: 1680-7316, 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000291094500005 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/acp-11-4669-2011 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1680-7316 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1680-7324 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631 https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000038631/20389316 https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000038631 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:swb:90-386313 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.de info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000038631 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4669-2011 |
_version_ |
1766058213352931328 |