Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century
The article is about the Swedish religious policy towards the Orthodox (a majority at first, a minority after the mid-1650s) and Orthodox-Lutheran relations at the grassroots level. It shows that in official Swedish policy, the highest authorities urged local functionaries to cautious and non-coerci...
Published in: | Entangled Religions |
---|---|
Main Author: | |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646 https://doi.org/10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 |
id |
ftubbochumojs:oai:ojs.ub.rub.de:article/8646 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftubbochumojs:oai:ojs.ub.rub.de:article/8646 2024-10-06T13:50:21+00:00 Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century Laitila, Teuvo 2020-09-02 application/pdf text/html https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646 https://doi.org/10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 eng eng Ruhr-Universität Bochum https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646/8250 https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646/8251 https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646 doi:10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 Copyright (c) 2020 Teuvo Laitila http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Entangled Religions; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020) 2363-6696 Kexholm County (Karelia) Swedish religious policy Orthodox seventeenth century Orthodox-Lutheran relations conversion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article 2020 ftubbochumojs https://doi.org/10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 2024-09-06T03:06:06Z The article is about the Swedish religious policy towards the Orthodox (a majority at first, a minority after the mid-1650s) and Orthodox-Lutheran relations at the grassroots level. It shows that in official Swedish policy, the highest authorities urged local functionaries to cautious and non-coercive treatment of the Orthodox, while the latter at times proposed, and partly tried to implement, a forced conversion of the Karelians. Grassroots relations between Orthodox and Lutherans varied greatly, depending on which of them made up a majority in each place, who owned the land, and whether the Lutherans were newcomers. When the Orthodox were a majority the Lutherans conformed with their faith, even converting to Orthodoxy, although this was officially forbidden. When the majority consisted of Lutherans, the Orthodox started to convert or to assimilate to the Lutheran way of life. At the county level, religion as such was not a major factor in transforming the region into a Lutheran one. More important was the way in which religious issues were linked to local social encounters and practices and how the state overtly or covertly attempted to change Orthodoxy and encouraged Orthodox emigration from and Lutheran immigration to the county. Article in Journal/Newspaper karelians Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems Entangled Religions 11 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems |
op_collection_id |
ftubbochumojs |
language |
English |
topic |
Kexholm County (Karelia) Swedish religious policy Orthodox seventeenth century Orthodox-Lutheran relations conversion |
spellingShingle |
Kexholm County (Karelia) Swedish religious policy Orthodox seventeenth century Orthodox-Lutheran relations conversion Laitila, Teuvo Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century |
topic_facet |
Kexholm County (Karelia) Swedish religious policy Orthodox seventeenth century Orthodox-Lutheran relations conversion |
description |
The article is about the Swedish religious policy towards the Orthodox (a majority at first, a minority after the mid-1650s) and Orthodox-Lutheran relations at the grassroots level. It shows that in official Swedish policy, the highest authorities urged local functionaries to cautious and non-coercive treatment of the Orthodox, while the latter at times proposed, and partly tried to implement, a forced conversion of the Karelians. Grassroots relations between Orthodox and Lutherans varied greatly, depending on which of them made up a majority in each place, who owned the land, and whether the Lutherans were newcomers. When the Orthodox were a majority the Lutherans conformed with their faith, even converting to Orthodoxy, although this was officially forbidden. When the majority consisted of Lutherans, the Orthodox started to convert or to assimilate to the Lutheran way of life. At the county level, religion as such was not a major factor in transforming the region into a Lutheran one. More important was the way in which religious issues were linked to local social encounters and practices and how the state overtly or covertly attempted to change Orthodoxy and encouraged Orthodox emigration from and Lutheran immigration to the county. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Laitila, Teuvo |
author_facet |
Laitila, Teuvo |
author_sort |
Laitila, Teuvo |
title |
Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century |
title_short |
Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century |
title_full |
Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century |
title_fullStr |
Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coercion, Cooperation, Conflicts and Contempt: Orthodox-Lutheran Relations in Swedish-Occupied Kexholm County, Karelia, in the Seventeenth Century |
title_sort |
coercion, cooperation, conflicts and contempt: orthodox-lutheran relations in swedish-occupied kexholm county, karelia, in the seventeenth century |
publisher |
Ruhr-Universität Bochum |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646 https://doi.org/10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 |
genre |
karelians |
genre_facet |
karelians |
op_source |
Entangled Religions; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020) 2363-6696 |
op_relation |
https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646/8250 https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646/8251 https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8646 doi:10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 |
op_rights |
Copyright (c) 2020 Teuvo Laitila http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.46586/er.11.2020.8646 |
container_title |
Entangled Religions |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1812178481130242048 |