Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay SM, et al. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet . 2018;391(10136):2236-2271. Background A key c...
Published in: | The Lancet |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier Science Inc
2018
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Online Access: | https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2920947 |
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Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay SM, et al. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet . 2018;391(10136):2236-2271. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97.1 (95% UI 95.8-98.1) in Iceland, followed by 96.6 (94.9-97.9) in Norway and 96.1 (94.5-97.3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18.6 (13.1-24.4) in the Central African Republic, 19.0 (14.3-23.7) in Somalia, and 23.4 (20.2-26.8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91.5 (89.1-936) in Beijing to 48.0 (43.4-53.2) in Tibet (a 43.5-point difference), while India saw a 30.8-point disparity, from 64.8 (59.6-68.8) in Goa to 34.0 (30.3-38.1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4.8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20.9-point to 17.0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17.2-point to 20.4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view and subsequent provision of quality health care for all populations. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. |
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Shafieesabet, Azadeh Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran Sharafi, Heidar Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Sharma, Meenakshi Sharma, Rajesh She, Jun Sheikh, Aziz Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shi, Peilin Shields, Chloe Shigematsu, Mika Shinohara, Yukito Shiri, Rahman Shirkoohi, Reza Shiue, Ivy Shrime, Mark G. Shukla, Sharvari Rahul Siabani, Soraya Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H. Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Silva, Joao Pedro Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Lavanya Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Sinke, Abiy Hiruye Sisay, Mekonnen Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Smith, Alison Soares Filho, Adauto Martins Sobaih, Badr H. A. Somai, Melek Soneji, Samir Soofi, Moslem Sorensen, Reed J. D. Soriano, Joan B. Soyiri, Ireneous N. Sposato, Luciano A. Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. Srinivasan, Vinay Stanaway, Jeffrey D. Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Steel, Nicholas Stein, Dan J. Stokes, Mark Andrew Sturua, Lela Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader Sunguya, Bruno F. Sur, Patrick J. Sykes, Bryan L. Sylaja, P. N. Szoeke, Cassandra E. I. Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tadesse, Andualem Henok Taffere, Getachew Redae Tandon, Nikhil Tariku, Amare Tariku Taveira, Nuno Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash Shifa, Girma Temam Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie Tesfaye, Dawit Jember Tessema, Belay Thakur, J. S. Thomas, Nihal Thompson, Matthew J. Tillmann, Taavi To, Quyen G. Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Topouzis, Fotis Torre, Anna Tortajada, Miguel Tran, Bach Xuan Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran Tripathi, Avnish Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad Troeger, Christopher Truelsen, Thomas Tsoi, Derrick Car, Lorainne Tudor Tuem, Kald Beshir Tyrovolas, Stefanos Uchendu, Uche S. Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna Ullah, Irfan Updike, Rachel Uthman, Olalekan A. Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi Ruben Valdez, Pascual van Boven, Job F. M. Varughese, Santosh Vasankari, Tommi Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Violante, Francesco S. Vladimirov, Sergey K. Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vollset, Stein Emil Vos, Theo Wagnew, Fasil Waheed, Yasir Wallin, Mitchell T. Walson, Judd L. Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wassie, Molla Mesele Weaver, Marcia R. Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G. Weiss, Jordan Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey Werdecker, Andrea West, T. Eoin Westerman, Ronny White, Richard G. Whiteford, Harvey A. Widecka, Justyna Winkler, Andrea Sylvia Wiysonge, Charles Shey Wolfe, Charles D. A. Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele Workicho, Abdulhalik Wyper, Grant M. A. Xavier, Denis Xu, Gelin Yan, Lijing L. Yano, Yuichiro Yaseri, Mehdi Yimer, Nigus Bililign Yin, Peng Yip, Paul Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn Yonemoto, Naohiro Yonga, Gerald Yoon, Seok-Jun Yotebieng, Marcel Younis, Mustafa Z. Yu, Chuanhua Zadnik, Vesna Zaidi, Zoubida Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed Bin Zaman, Sojib Zamani, Mohammad Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zimsen, Stephanie R. M. Zipkin, Ben Zodpey, Sanjay Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna Murray, Christopher J. L. Lozano, Rafael |
spellingShingle |
Fullman, Nancy Yearwood, Jamal Abay, Solomon M. Abbafati, Cristiana Abd-Allah, Foad Abdela, Jemal Abdelalim, Ahmed Abebe, Zegeye Abebo, Teshome Abuka Aboyans, Victor Abraha, Haftom Niguse Abreu, Daisy M. X. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. Adane, Akilew Awoke Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji Adetokunboh, Olatunji Adhikari, Tara Ballav Afarideh, Mohsen Afshin, Ashkan Agarwal, Gina Agius, Dominic Agrawal, Anurag Agrawal, Sutapa Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Akibu, Mohammed Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi F. Akseer, Nadia Al Lami, Faris Hasan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Tahiya Alasfoor, Deena Albittar, Mohammed I. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Eyadhy, Ayman Ali, Syed Danish Alijanzadeh, Mehran Aljunid, Syed M. Alkerwi, Ala'a Alla, Francois Allebeck, Peter Allen, Christine Alomari, Mahmoud A. Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alsharif, Ubai Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amenu, Kebede Ammar, Walid Amoako, Yaw Ampem Anber, Nahla Andrei, Catalina Liliana Androudi, Sofia Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Araujo, Valdelaine E. M. Aremu, Olatunde Arnlov, Johan Artaman, Al Aryal, Krishna Kumar Asayesh, Hamid Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal Asghar, Rana Jawad Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku Asseffa, Netsanet Abera Atey, Tesfay Mehari Atre, Sachin R. Atteraya, Madhu S. Avila-Burgos, Leticia Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Awasthi, Ashish Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayalew, Animut Alebel Ayele, Henok Tadesse Ayer, Rakesh Ayuk, Tambe Betrand Azzopardi, Peter Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Badali, Hamid Badawi, Alaa Banach, Maciej Banerjee, Amitava Banstola, Amrit Barber, Ryan M. Barboza, Miguel A. Barker-Collo, Suzanne L. Baernighausen, Till Barquera, Simon Barrero, Lope H. Bassat, Quique Basu, Sanjay Baune, Bernhard T. Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Bedi, Neeraj Beghi, Ettore Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Bekele, Bayu Begashaw Belachew, Abate Bekele Belay, Saba Abraham Belay, Yihalem Abebe Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Aminu K. Bennett, Derrick A. Bennett, James R. Bensenor, Isabela M. Berhe, Derbew Fikadu Bernabe, Eduardo Bernstein, Robert Steven Beuran, Mircea Bhalla, Ashish Bhatt, Paurvi Bhaumik, Soumyadeep Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Biadgo, Belete Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Birungi, Charles Biryukov, Stan Bizuneh, Hailemichael Bolliger, Ian W. Bolt, Kaylin Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R. Bozorgmehr, Kayvan Brady, Oliver Jerome Brazinova, Alexandra Breitborde, Nicholas J. K. Brenner, Hermann Britton, Gabrielle Brugha, Traolach S. Butt, Zahid A. Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo Campuzano, Julio Cesar Car, Josip Car, Mate Cardenas, Rosario Carrero, Juan Jesus Carvalho, Felix Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo Catala-Lopez, Ferran Cercy, Kelly Chalek, Julian Chang, Hsing-Yi Chang, Jung-Chen Chattopadhyay, Aparajita Chaturvedi, Pankaj Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe Choi, Jee-Young J. Christensen, Hanne Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas Chung, Sheng-Chia Ciobanu, Liliana G. Cirillo, Massimo Colombara, Danny Conti, Sara Cooper, Cyrus Cornaby, Leslie Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cortinovis, Monica Pereira, Alexandre Costa Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H. Cromwell, Elizabeth A. Crowe, Christopher Stephen Crump, John A. Daba, Alemneh Kabeta Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadi, Abel Fekadu Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargan, Paul I. Daryani, Ahmad Daryani, Maryam Das, Jai Das, Siddharth Kumar das Neves, Jose Weaver, Nicole Davis Davletov, Kairat de Courten, Barbora De Leo, Diego De Neve, Jan-Walter Dellavalle, Robert P. Demoz, Gebre Deribe, Kebede Des Jarlais, Don C. Dey, Subhojit Dharmaratne, Samath D. Dhimal, Meghnath Djalalinia, Shirin Doku, David Teye Dolan, Kate Dorsey, E. Ray Bender dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Doyle, Kerrie E. Driscoll, Tim R. Dubey, Manisha Dubljanin, Eleonora Duncan, Bruce Bartholow Echko, Michelle Edessa, Dumessa Edvardsson, David Ehrlich, Joshua R. Eldrenkamp, Erika El-Khatib, Ziad Endres, Matthias Endries, Aman Yesuf Eshrati, Babak Eskandarieh, Sharareh Esteghamati, Alireza Fakhar, Mahdi Farag, Tamer Faramarzi, Mahbobeh Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino Faro, Andre Farzadfar, Farshad Fatusi, Adesegun Fazeli, Mir Sohail Feigin, Valery L. Feigl, Andrea B. Fentahun, Netsanet Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Fernandes, Eduarda Fernandes, Joao C. Fijabi, Daniel Obadare Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Fitzmaurice, Christina Flaxman, Abraham D. Flor, Luisa Sorio Foigt, Nataliya Foreman, Kyle J. Frostad, Joseph J. Fuerst, Thomas Futran, Neal D. Gakidou, Emmanuela Gallus, Silvano Gambashidze, Ketevan Gamkrelidze, Amiran Ganji, Morsaleh Gebre, Abadi Kahsu Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa Geleijnse, Johanna M. Geremew, Demeke Gething, Peter W. Ghadimi, Reza Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam Gill, Paramjit Singh Giref, Ababi Zergaw Giroud, Maurice Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo Giussani, Giorgia Godwin, William W. Goli, Srinivas Gomez-Dantes, Hector Gona, Philimon N. Goodridge, Amador Gopalani, Sameer Vali Goryakin, Yevgeniy Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho Grada, Ayman Griswold, Max Grosso, Giuseppe Gugnani, Harish Chander Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Tanush Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vipin Haagsma, Juanita A. Hachinski, Vladimir Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J. Harb, Hilda L. Harewood, Heather C. Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai Haro, Josep Maria Hassen, Hamid Yimam Havmoeller, Rasmus Hawley, Caitlin Hay, Simon I. He, Jiawei Hearps, Stephen J. C. Hegazy, Mohamed I. Heibati, Behzad Heidari, Mohsen Hendrie, Delia Henry, Nathaniel J. Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo Herteliu, Claudiu Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw Hiluf, Molla Kahssay Hoek, Hans W. Rad, Enayatollah Homaie Horita, Nobuyuki Hosgood, H. Dean Hosseini, Mostafa Hosseini, Seyed Reza Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hoy, Damian G. Hsairi, Mohamed Htet, Aung Soe Hu, Guoqing Huang, John J. Iburg, Kim Moesgaard Idris, Fachmi Igumbor, Ehimario Uche Ikeda, Chad Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile Ilesanmi, Olayinka S. Innos, Kaire Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvine, Caleb M. S. Islami, Farhad Jacobs, Troy A. Jacobsen, Kathryn H. Jahanmehr, Nader Jain, Rajesh Jain, Sudhir Kumar Jakovljevic, Mihajlo M. Jalu, Moti Tolera Jamal, Amr A. Javanbakht, Mehdi Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra Jeemon, Panniyammakal Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jozwiak, Jacek John, Oommen Johnson, Sarah Charlotte Jonas, Jost B. Joshua, Vasna Juerisson, Mikk Kabir, Zubair Kadel, Rajendra Kahsay, Amaha Kalani, Rizwan Kar, Chittaranjan Karanikolos, Marina Karch, Andre Karema, Corine Kakizi Karimi, Seyed M. Kasaeian, Amir Kassa, Dessalegn Haile Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale Kassebaum, Nicholas J. Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal Kaul, Anil Kawakami, Norito Kazanjan, Konstantin Kebede, Seifu Keiyoro, Peter Njenga Kemp, Grant Rodgers Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Ketema, Ezra Belay Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khajavi, Alireza Khalil, Ibrahim A. Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Muhammad Ali Khanal, Mukti Nath Khang, Young-Ho Khater, Mona M. Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khosravi, Ardeshir Khubchandani, Jagdish Kibret, Getiye Dejenu Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari Kim, Daniel Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W. Kinfu, Yohannes Kinra, Sanjay Kisa, Adnan Kissoon, Niranjan Kochhar, Sonali Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kopec, Jacek A. Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A. Koyanagi, Ai Kravchenko, Michael Krishan, Kewal Krohn, Kristopher J. Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Pushpendra Kutz, Michael Kuzin, Igor Kyu, Hmwe H. Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar Lafranconi, Alessandra Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lalloo, Ratilal Lam, Hilton Lan, Qing Lang, Justin J. Lansingh, Van C. Lansky, Sonia Larsson, Anders Latifi, Arman Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor Leasher, Janet L. Lee, Paul H. Legesse, Yirga Leigh, James Leshargie, Cheru Tesema Leta, Samson Leung, Janni Leung, Ricky Levi, Miriam Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liben, Misgan Legesse Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S. Lind, Margaret Linn, Shai Listl, Stefan Liu, Patrick Y. Liu, Shiwei Lodha, Rakesh Lopez, Alan D. Lorch, Scott A. Lorkowski, Stefan Lotufo, Paulo A. Lucas, Timothy C. D. Lunevicius, Raimundas Lurton, Gregoire Lyons, Ronan A. Maalouf, Fadi Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King Mackay, Mark T. Maddison, Emilie R. Madotto, Fabiana Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Majdan, Marek Majdzadeh, Reza Majeed, Azeem Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rajesh Malta, Deborah Carvalho Mamun, Abdullah A. Manguerra, Helena Manhertz, Treh Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantovani, Lorenzo G. Manyazewal, Tsegahun Mapoma, Chabila C. Margono, Christopher Martinez-Raga, Jose Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio Martopullo, Ira Maerz, Winfried Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard Mathur, Manu Raj Maulik, Pallab K. Mazidi, Mohsen McAlinden, Colm McGrath, John J. McKee, Martin Mehata, Suresh Mehrotra, Ravi Mehta, Kala M. Mehta, Varshil Meier, Toni Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam Melku, Mulugeta Memiah, Peter Memish, Ziad A. Mendoza, Walter Mengiste, Degu Abate Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese Menota, Bereket Gebremichael Mensah, George A. Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane Miazgowski, Tomasz Micha, Renata Milam, Robert Millear, Anoushka Miller, Ted R. Mini, G. K. Minnig, Shawn Mirica, Andreea Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Misganaw, Awoke Mitchell, Philip B. Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal Moazen, Babak Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh Mohammed, Ebrahim Mohammed, Mohammed A. Mohammed, Shafiu Mokdad, Ali H. Mola, Glen Liddell D. Molokhia, Mariam Momeniha, Fatemeh Monasta, Lorenzo Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Moraga, Paula Morawska, Lidia Velasquez, Ilais Moreno Mori, Rintaro Morrison, Shane D. Moses, Mark Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam Mueller, Ulrich O. Murhekar, Manoj Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas Musa, Jonah Musa, Kamarul Imran Mustafa, Ghulam Muthupandian, Saravanan Nagata, Chie Nagel, Gabriele Naghavi, Mohsen Naheed, Aliya Naik, Gurudatta A. Naik, Nitish Najafi, Farid Naldi, Luigi Nangia, Vinay Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Newton, Charles R. Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku Grant Nguyen, Grant Nguyen Long Nguyen, Long Nguyen Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen Nichols, Emma Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini Nolte, Ellen Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong Norheim, Ole F. Norrving, Bo Noubiap, Jean Jacques N. Nyandwi, Alypio Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf Ofori-Asenso, Richard Ogbo, Felix Akpojene Oh, In-Hwan Oladimeji, Olanrewaju Olagunju, Andrew Toyin Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olivares, Pedro R. Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Olsen, Helen E. Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Ong, Kanyin Opio, John Nelson Oren, Eyal Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. Ortiz, Alberto Ozdemir, Raziye Mahesh, P. A. Pain, Amanda W. Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani Pana, Adrian Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandian, Jeyaraj D. Park, Eun-Kee Parsian, Hadi Patel, Tejas Pati, Sanghamitra Patil, Snehal T. Patle, Ajay Patton, George C. Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao Paudel, Deepak Pedroso, Marcel de Moares Pedroza, Sandra P. Pereira, David M. Perico, Norberto Peterson, Hannah Petzold, Max Peykari, Niloofar Phillips, Michael Robert Piel, Frederic B. Pigott, David M. Pillay, Julian David Piradov, Michael A. Polinder, Suzanne Pond, Constance D. Postma, Maarten J. Pourmalek, Farshad Prakash, Swayam Prakash, V. Prasad, Narayan Prasad, Noela Marie Purcell, Caroline Qorbani, Mostafa Quintana, Hedley Knewjen Radfar, Amir Rafay, Anwar Rafiei, Alireza Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rai, Rajesh Kumar Raju, Bhushan Ram, Usha Rana, Saleem M. Rankin, Zane Rasella, Davide Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Ray, Sarah E. Aspacia Razo-Garcia, Christian Reddy, Priscilla Reiner, Robert C. Reis, Cesar Reitsma, Marissa B. Remuzzi, Giuseppe Renzaho, Andre M. N. Resnikoff, Serge Rezaei, Satar Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh Ribeiro, Antonio L. Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus Rivera, Juan A. Roever, Leonardo Ronfani, Luca Roshandel, Gholamreza Rostami, Ali Roth, Gregory A. Rothenbacher, Dietrich Roy, Ambuj Roy, Nobhojit Ruhago, George Mugambage Sabde, Yogesh Damodar Sachdev, Perminder S. Sadat, Nafis Safdarian, Mahdi Safiri, Saeid Sagar, Rajesh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Sajadi, Haniye Sadat Salama, Joseph Salamati, Payman Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas Salimzadeh, Hamideh Salomon, Joshua A. Samy, Abdallah M. Sanabria, Juan Ramon Sancheti, Parag K. Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores Santomauro, Damian Santos, Itamar S. Milicevic, Milena M. Santric Sarker, Abdur Razzaque Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sartorius, Benn Satpathy, Maheswar Savic, Miloje Sawhney, Monika Saxena, Sonia Saylan, Mete I. Schaeffner, Elke Schmidhuber, Josef Schmidt, Maria Ines Schneider, Ione J. C. Schumacher, Austin E. Schutte, Aletta E. Schwebel, David C. Schwendicke, Falk Sekerija, Mario Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servan-Mori, Edson E. Shafieesabet, Azadeh Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran Sharafi, Heidar Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Sharma, Meenakshi Sharma, Rajesh She, Jun Sheikh, Aziz Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shi, Peilin Shields, Chloe Shigematsu, Mika Shinohara, Yukito Shiri, Rahman Shirkoohi, Reza Shiue, Ivy Shrime, Mark G. Shukla, Sharvari Rahul Siabani, Soraya Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H. Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Silva, Joao Pedro Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Lavanya Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Sinke, Abiy Hiruye Sisay, Mekonnen Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Smith, Alison Soares Filho, Adauto Martins Sobaih, Badr H. A. Somai, Melek Soneji, Samir Soofi, Moslem Sorensen, Reed J. D. Soriano, Joan B. Soyiri, Ireneous N. Sposato, Luciano A. Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. Srinivasan, Vinay Stanaway, Jeffrey D. Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Steel, Nicholas Stein, Dan J. Stokes, Mark Andrew Sturua, Lela Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader Sunguya, Bruno F. Sur, Patrick J. Sykes, Bryan L. Sylaja, P. N. Szoeke, Cassandra E. I. Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tadesse, Andualem Henok Taffere, Getachew Redae Tandon, Nikhil Tariku, Amare Tariku Taveira, Nuno Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash Shifa, Girma Temam Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie Tesfaye, Dawit Jember Tessema, Belay Thakur, J. S. Thomas, Nihal Thompson, Matthew J. Tillmann, Taavi To, Quyen G. Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Topouzis, Fotis Torre, Anna Tortajada, Miguel Tran, Bach Xuan Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran Tripathi, Avnish Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad Troeger, Christopher Truelsen, Thomas Tsoi, Derrick Car, Lorainne Tudor Tuem, Kald Beshir Tyrovolas, Stefanos Uchendu, Uche S. Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna Ullah, Irfan Updike, Rachel Uthman, Olalekan A. Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi Ruben Valdez, Pascual van Boven, Job F. M. Varughese, Santosh Vasankari, Tommi Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Violante, Francesco S. Vladimirov, Sergey K. Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vollset, Stein Emil Vos, Theo Wagnew, Fasil Waheed, Yasir Wallin, Mitchell T. Walson, Judd L. Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wassie, Molla Mesele Weaver, Marcia R. Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G. Weiss, Jordan Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey Werdecker, Andrea West, T. Eoin Westerman, Ronny White, Richard G. Whiteford, Harvey A. Widecka, Justyna Winkler, Andrea Sylvia Wiysonge, Charles Shey Wolfe, Charles D. A. Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele Workicho, Abdulhalik Wyper, Grant M. A. Xavier, Denis Xu, Gelin Yan, Lijing L. Yano, Yuichiro Yaseri, Mehdi Yimer, Nigus Bililign Yin, Peng Yip, Paul Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn Yonemoto, Naohiro Yonga, Gerald Yoon, Seok-Jun Yotebieng, Marcel Younis, Mustafa Z. Yu, Chuanhua Zadnik, Vesna Zaidi, Zoubida Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed Bin Zaman, Sojib Zamani, Mohammad Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zimsen, Stephanie R. M. Zipkin, Ben Zodpey, Sanjay Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna Murray, Christopher J. L. Lozano, Rafael Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
author_facet |
Fullman, Nancy Yearwood, Jamal Abay, Solomon M. Abbafati, Cristiana Abd-Allah, Foad Abdela, Jemal Abdelalim, Ahmed Abebe, Zegeye Abebo, Teshome Abuka Aboyans, Victor Abraha, Haftom Niguse Abreu, Daisy M. X. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. Adane, Akilew Awoke Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji Adetokunboh, Olatunji Adhikari, Tara Ballav Afarideh, Mohsen Afshin, Ashkan Agarwal, Gina Agius, Dominic Agrawal, Anurag Agrawal, Sutapa Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Akibu, Mohammed Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi F. Akseer, Nadia Al Lami, Faris Hasan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Tahiya Alasfoor, Deena Albittar, Mohammed I. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Eyadhy, Ayman Ali, Syed Danish Alijanzadeh, Mehran Aljunid, Syed M. Alkerwi, Ala'a Alla, Francois Allebeck, Peter Allen, Christine Alomari, Mahmoud A. Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alsharif, Ubai Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amenu, Kebede Ammar, Walid Amoako, Yaw Ampem Anber, Nahla Andrei, Catalina Liliana Androudi, Sofia Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Araujo, Valdelaine E. M. Aremu, Olatunde Arnlov, Johan Artaman, Al Aryal, Krishna Kumar Asayesh, Hamid Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal Asghar, Rana Jawad Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku Asseffa, Netsanet Abera Atey, Tesfay Mehari Atre, Sachin R. Atteraya, Madhu S. Avila-Burgos, Leticia Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Awasthi, Ashish Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayalew, Animut Alebel Ayele, Henok Tadesse Ayer, Rakesh Ayuk, Tambe Betrand Azzopardi, Peter Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Badali, Hamid Badawi, Alaa Banach, Maciej Banerjee, Amitava Banstola, Amrit Barber, Ryan M. Barboza, Miguel A. Barker-Collo, Suzanne L. Baernighausen, Till Barquera, Simon Barrero, Lope H. Bassat, Quique Basu, Sanjay Baune, Bernhard T. Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Bedi, Neeraj Beghi, Ettore Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Bekele, Bayu Begashaw Belachew, Abate Bekele Belay, Saba Abraham Belay, Yihalem Abebe Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Aminu K. Bennett, Derrick A. Bennett, James R. Bensenor, Isabela M. Berhe, Derbew Fikadu Bernabe, Eduardo Bernstein, Robert Steven Beuran, Mircea Bhalla, Ashish Bhatt, Paurvi Bhaumik, Soumyadeep Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Biadgo, Belete Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Birungi, Charles Biryukov, Stan Bizuneh, Hailemichael Bolliger, Ian W. Bolt, Kaylin Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R. Bozorgmehr, Kayvan Brady, Oliver Jerome Brazinova, Alexandra Breitborde, Nicholas J. K. Brenner, Hermann Britton, Gabrielle Brugha, Traolach S. Butt, Zahid A. Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo Campuzano, Julio Cesar Car, Josip Car, Mate Cardenas, Rosario Carrero, Juan Jesus Carvalho, Felix Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo Catala-Lopez, Ferran Cercy, Kelly Chalek, Julian Chang, Hsing-Yi Chang, Jung-Chen Chattopadhyay, Aparajita Chaturvedi, Pankaj Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe Choi, Jee-Young J. Christensen, Hanne Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas Chung, Sheng-Chia Ciobanu, Liliana G. Cirillo, Massimo Colombara, Danny Conti, Sara Cooper, Cyrus Cornaby, Leslie Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cortinovis, Monica Pereira, Alexandre Costa Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H. Cromwell, Elizabeth A. Crowe, Christopher Stephen Crump, John A. Daba, Alemneh Kabeta Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadi, Abel Fekadu Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargan, Paul I. Daryani, Ahmad Daryani, Maryam Das, Jai Das, Siddharth Kumar das Neves, Jose Weaver, Nicole Davis Davletov, Kairat de Courten, Barbora De Leo, Diego De Neve, Jan-Walter Dellavalle, Robert P. Demoz, Gebre Deribe, Kebede Des Jarlais, Don C. Dey, Subhojit Dharmaratne, Samath D. Dhimal, Meghnath Djalalinia, Shirin Doku, David Teye Dolan, Kate Dorsey, E. Ray Bender dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Doyle, Kerrie E. Driscoll, Tim R. Dubey, Manisha Dubljanin, Eleonora Duncan, Bruce Bartholow Echko, Michelle Edessa, Dumessa Edvardsson, David Ehrlich, Joshua R. Eldrenkamp, Erika El-Khatib, Ziad Endres, Matthias Endries, Aman Yesuf Eshrati, Babak Eskandarieh, Sharareh Esteghamati, Alireza Fakhar, Mahdi Farag, Tamer Faramarzi, Mahbobeh Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino Faro, Andre Farzadfar, Farshad Fatusi, Adesegun Fazeli, Mir Sohail Feigin, Valery L. Feigl, Andrea B. Fentahun, Netsanet Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Fernandes, Eduarda Fernandes, Joao C. Fijabi, Daniel Obadare Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Fitzmaurice, Christina Flaxman, Abraham D. Flor, Luisa Sorio Foigt, Nataliya Foreman, Kyle J. Frostad, Joseph J. Fuerst, Thomas Futran, Neal D. Gakidou, Emmanuela Gallus, Silvano Gambashidze, Ketevan Gamkrelidze, Amiran Ganji, Morsaleh Gebre, Abadi Kahsu Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa Geleijnse, Johanna M. Geremew, Demeke Gething, Peter W. Ghadimi, Reza Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam Gill, Paramjit Singh Giref, Ababi Zergaw Giroud, Maurice Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo Giussani, Giorgia Godwin, William W. Goli, Srinivas Gomez-Dantes, Hector Gona, Philimon N. Goodridge, Amador Gopalani, Sameer Vali Goryakin, Yevgeniy Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho Grada, Ayman Griswold, Max Grosso, Giuseppe Gugnani, Harish Chander Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Tanush Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vipin Haagsma, Juanita A. Hachinski, Vladimir Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J. Harb, Hilda L. Harewood, Heather C. Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai Haro, Josep Maria Hassen, Hamid Yimam Havmoeller, Rasmus Hawley, Caitlin Hay, Simon I. He, Jiawei Hearps, Stephen J. C. Hegazy, Mohamed I. Heibati, Behzad Heidari, Mohsen Hendrie, Delia Henry, Nathaniel J. Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo Herteliu, Claudiu Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw Hiluf, Molla Kahssay Hoek, Hans W. Rad, Enayatollah Homaie Horita, Nobuyuki Hosgood, H. Dean Hosseini, Mostafa Hosseini, Seyed Reza Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hoy, Damian G. Hsairi, Mohamed Htet, Aung Soe Hu, Guoqing Huang, John J. Iburg, Kim Moesgaard Idris, Fachmi Igumbor, Ehimario Uche Ikeda, Chad Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile Ilesanmi, Olayinka S. Innos, Kaire Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvine, Caleb M. S. Islami, Farhad Jacobs, Troy A. Jacobsen, Kathryn H. Jahanmehr, Nader Jain, Rajesh Jain, Sudhir Kumar Jakovljevic, Mihajlo M. Jalu, Moti Tolera Jamal, Amr A. Javanbakht, Mehdi Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra Jeemon, Panniyammakal Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jozwiak, Jacek John, Oommen Johnson, Sarah Charlotte Jonas, Jost B. Joshua, Vasna Juerisson, Mikk Kabir, Zubair Kadel, Rajendra Kahsay, Amaha Kalani, Rizwan Kar, Chittaranjan Karanikolos, Marina Karch, Andre Karema, Corine Kakizi Karimi, Seyed M. Kasaeian, Amir Kassa, Dessalegn Haile Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale Kassebaum, Nicholas J. Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal Kaul, Anil Kawakami, Norito Kazanjan, Konstantin Kebede, Seifu Keiyoro, Peter Njenga Kemp, Grant Rodgers Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Ketema, Ezra Belay Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khajavi, Alireza Khalil, Ibrahim A. Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Muhammad Ali Khanal, Mukti Nath Khang, Young-Ho Khater, Mona M. Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khosravi, Ardeshir Khubchandani, Jagdish Kibret, Getiye Dejenu Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari Kim, Daniel Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W. Kinfu, Yohannes Kinra, Sanjay Kisa, Adnan Kissoon, Niranjan Kochhar, Sonali Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kopec, Jacek A. Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A. Koyanagi, Ai Kravchenko, Michael Krishan, Kewal Krohn, Kristopher J. Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Pushpendra Kutz, Michael Kuzin, Igor Kyu, Hmwe H. Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar Lafranconi, Alessandra Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lalloo, Ratilal Lam, Hilton Lan, Qing Lang, Justin J. Lansingh, Van C. Lansky, Sonia Larsson, Anders Latifi, Arman Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor Leasher, Janet L. Lee, Paul H. Legesse, Yirga Leigh, James Leshargie, Cheru Tesema Leta, Samson Leung, Janni Leung, Ricky Levi, Miriam Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liben, Misgan Legesse Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S. Lind, Margaret Linn, Shai Listl, Stefan Liu, Patrick Y. Liu, Shiwei Lodha, Rakesh Lopez, Alan D. Lorch, Scott A. Lorkowski, Stefan Lotufo, Paulo A. Lucas, Timothy C. D. Lunevicius, Raimundas Lurton, Gregoire Lyons, Ronan A. Maalouf, Fadi Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King Mackay, Mark T. Maddison, Emilie R. Madotto, Fabiana Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Majdan, Marek Majdzadeh, Reza Majeed, Azeem Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rajesh Malta, Deborah Carvalho Mamun, Abdullah A. Manguerra, Helena Manhertz, Treh Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantovani, Lorenzo G. Manyazewal, Tsegahun Mapoma, Chabila C. Margono, Christopher Martinez-Raga, Jose Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio Martopullo, Ira Maerz, Winfried Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard Mathur, Manu Raj Maulik, Pallab K. Mazidi, Mohsen McAlinden, Colm McGrath, John J. McKee, Martin Mehata, Suresh Mehrotra, Ravi Mehta, Kala M. Mehta, Varshil Meier, Toni Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam Melku, Mulugeta Memiah, Peter Memish, Ziad A. Mendoza, Walter Mengiste, Degu Abate Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese Menota, Bereket Gebremichael Mensah, George A. Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane Miazgowski, Tomasz Micha, Renata Milam, Robert Millear, Anoushka Miller, Ted R. Mini, G. K. Minnig, Shawn Mirica, Andreea Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Misganaw, Awoke Mitchell, Philip B. Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal Moazen, Babak Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh Mohammed, Ebrahim Mohammed, Mohammed A. Mohammed, Shafiu Mokdad, Ali H. Mola, Glen Liddell D. Molokhia, Mariam Momeniha, Fatemeh Monasta, Lorenzo Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Moraga, Paula Morawska, Lidia Velasquez, Ilais Moreno Mori, Rintaro Morrison, Shane D. Moses, Mark Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam Mueller, Ulrich O. Murhekar, Manoj Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas Musa, Jonah Musa, Kamarul Imran Mustafa, Ghulam Muthupandian, Saravanan Nagata, Chie Nagel, Gabriele Naghavi, Mohsen Naheed, Aliya Naik, Gurudatta A. Naik, Nitish Najafi, Farid Naldi, Luigi Nangia, Vinay Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Newton, Charles R. Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku Grant Nguyen, Grant Nguyen Long Nguyen, Long Nguyen Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen Nichols, Emma Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini Nolte, Ellen Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong Norheim, Ole F. Norrving, Bo Noubiap, Jean Jacques N. Nyandwi, Alypio Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf Ofori-Asenso, Richard Ogbo, Felix Akpojene Oh, In-Hwan Oladimeji, Olanrewaju Olagunju, Andrew Toyin Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olivares, Pedro R. Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Olsen, Helen E. Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Ong, Kanyin Opio, John Nelson Oren, Eyal Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. Ortiz, Alberto Ozdemir, Raziye Mahesh, P. A. Pain, Amanda W. Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani Pana, Adrian Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandian, Jeyaraj D. Park, Eun-Kee Parsian, Hadi Patel, Tejas Pati, Sanghamitra Patil, Snehal T. Patle, Ajay Patton, George C. Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao Paudel, Deepak Pedroso, Marcel de Moares Pedroza, Sandra P. Pereira, David M. Perico, Norberto Peterson, Hannah Petzold, Max Peykari, Niloofar Phillips, Michael Robert Piel, Frederic B. Pigott, David M. Pillay, Julian David Piradov, Michael A. Polinder, Suzanne Pond, Constance D. Postma, Maarten J. Pourmalek, Farshad Prakash, Swayam Prakash, V. Prasad, Narayan Prasad, Noela Marie Purcell, Caroline Qorbani, Mostafa Quintana, Hedley Knewjen Radfar, Amir Rafay, Anwar Rafiei, Alireza Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rai, Rajesh Kumar Raju, Bhushan Ram, Usha Rana, Saleem M. Rankin, Zane Rasella, Davide Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Ray, Sarah E. Aspacia Razo-Garcia, Christian Reddy, Priscilla Reiner, Robert C. Reis, Cesar Reitsma, Marissa B. Remuzzi, Giuseppe Renzaho, Andre M. N. Resnikoff, Serge Rezaei, Satar Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh Ribeiro, Antonio L. Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus Rivera, Juan A. Roever, Leonardo Ronfani, Luca Roshandel, Gholamreza Rostami, Ali Roth, Gregory A. Rothenbacher, Dietrich Roy, Ambuj Roy, Nobhojit Ruhago, George Mugambage Sabde, Yogesh Damodar Sachdev, Perminder S. Sadat, Nafis Safdarian, Mahdi Safiri, Saeid Sagar, Rajesh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Sajadi, Haniye Sadat Salama, Joseph Salamati, Payman Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas Salimzadeh, Hamideh Salomon, Joshua A. Samy, Abdallah M. Sanabria, Juan Ramon Sancheti, Parag K. Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores Santomauro, Damian Santos, Itamar S. Milicevic, Milena M. Santric Sarker, Abdur Razzaque Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sartorius, Benn Satpathy, Maheswar Savic, Miloje Sawhney, Monika Saxena, Sonia Saylan, Mete I. Schaeffner, Elke Schmidhuber, Josef Schmidt, Maria Ines Schneider, Ione J. C. Schumacher, Austin E. Schutte, Aletta E. Schwebel, David C. Schwendicke, Falk Sekerija, Mario Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servan-Mori, Edson E. Shafieesabet, Azadeh Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran Sharafi, Heidar Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Sharma, Meenakshi Sharma, Rajesh She, Jun Sheikh, Aziz Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shi, Peilin Shields, Chloe Shigematsu, Mika Shinohara, Yukito Shiri, Rahman Shirkoohi, Reza Shiue, Ivy Shrime, Mark G. Shukla, Sharvari Rahul Siabani, Soraya Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H. Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Silva, Joao Pedro Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Lavanya Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Sinke, Abiy Hiruye Sisay, Mekonnen Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Smith, Alison Soares Filho, Adauto Martins Sobaih, Badr H. A. Somai, Melek Soneji, Samir Soofi, Moslem Sorensen, Reed J. D. Soriano, Joan B. Soyiri, Ireneous N. Sposato, Luciano A. Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. Srinivasan, Vinay Stanaway, Jeffrey D. Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Steel, Nicholas Stein, Dan J. Stokes, Mark Andrew Sturua, Lela Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader Sunguya, Bruno F. Sur, Patrick J. Sykes, Bryan L. Sylaja, P. N. Szoeke, Cassandra E. I. Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tadesse, Andualem Henok Taffere, Getachew Redae Tandon, Nikhil Tariku, Amare Tariku Taveira, Nuno Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash Shifa, Girma Temam Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie Tesfaye, Dawit Jember Tessema, Belay Thakur, J. S. Thomas, Nihal Thompson, Matthew J. Tillmann, Taavi To, Quyen G. Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Topouzis, Fotis Torre, Anna Tortajada, Miguel Tran, Bach Xuan Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran Tripathi, Avnish Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad Troeger, Christopher Truelsen, Thomas Tsoi, Derrick Car, Lorainne Tudor Tuem, Kald Beshir Tyrovolas, Stefanos Uchendu, Uche S. Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna Ullah, Irfan Updike, Rachel Uthman, Olalekan A. Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi Ruben Valdez, Pascual van Boven, Job F. M. Varughese, Santosh Vasankari, Tommi Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Violante, Francesco S. Vladimirov, Sergey K. Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vollset, Stein Emil Vos, Theo Wagnew, Fasil Waheed, Yasir Wallin, Mitchell T. Walson, Judd L. Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wassie, Molla Mesele Weaver, Marcia R. Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G. Weiss, Jordan Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey Werdecker, Andrea West, T. Eoin Westerman, Ronny White, Richard G. Whiteford, Harvey A. Widecka, Justyna Winkler, Andrea Sylvia Wiysonge, Charles Shey Wolfe, Charles D. A. Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele Workicho, Abdulhalik Wyper, Grant M. A. Xavier, Denis Xu, Gelin Yan, Lijing L. Yano, Yuichiro Yaseri, Mehdi Yimer, Nigus Bililign Yin, Peng Yip, Paul Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn Yonemoto, Naohiro Yonga, Gerald Yoon, Seok-Jun Yotebieng, Marcel Younis, Mustafa Z. Yu, Chuanhua Zadnik, Vesna Zaidi, Zoubida Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed Bin Zaman, Sojib Zamani, Mohammad Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zimsen, Stephanie R. M. Zipkin, Ben Zodpey, Sanjay Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna Murray, Christopher J. L. Lozano, Rafael |
author_sort |
Fullman, Nancy |
title |
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
title_short |
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
title_full |
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
title_fullStr |
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
title_sort |
measuring performance on the healthcare access and quality index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2016 |
publisher |
Elsevier Science Inc |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2920947 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0140-6736 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1474-547X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000433904700029 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/29893224 https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2920947 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2 |
container_title |
The Lancet |
container_volume |
391 |
container_issue |
10136 |
container_start_page |
2236 |
op_container_end_page |
2271 |
_version_ |
1766044007839825920 |
spelling |
ftubbiepub:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2920947 2023-05-15T16:53:28+02:00 Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 Fullman, Nancy Yearwood, Jamal Abay, Solomon M. Abbafati, Cristiana Abd-Allah, Foad Abdela, Jemal Abdelalim, Ahmed Abebe, Zegeye Abebo, Teshome Abuka Aboyans, Victor Abraha, Haftom Niguse Abreu, Daisy M. X. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. Adane, Akilew Awoke Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji Adetokunboh, Olatunji Adhikari, Tara Ballav Afarideh, Mohsen Afshin, Ashkan Agarwal, Gina Agius, Dominic Agrawal, Anurag Agrawal, Sutapa Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Akibu, Mohammed Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi F. Akseer, Nadia Al Lami, Faris Hasan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Tahiya Alasfoor, Deena Albittar, Mohammed I. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Eyadhy, Ayman Ali, Syed Danish Alijanzadeh, Mehran Aljunid, Syed M. Alkerwi, Ala'a Alla, Francois Allebeck, Peter Allen, Christine Alomari, Mahmoud A. Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alsharif, Ubai Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amenu, Kebede Ammar, Walid Amoako, Yaw Ampem Anber, Nahla Andrei, Catalina Liliana Androudi, Sofia Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Araujo, Valdelaine E. M. Aremu, Olatunde Arnlov, Johan Artaman, Al Aryal, Krishna Kumar Asayesh, Hamid Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal Asghar, Rana Jawad Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku Asseffa, Netsanet Abera Atey, Tesfay Mehari Atre, Sachin R. Atteraya, Madhu S. Avila-Burgos, Leticia Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Awasthi, Ashish Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayalew, Animut Alebel Ayele, Henok Tadesse Ayer, Rakesh Ayuk, Tambe Betrand Azzopardi, Peter Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Badali, Hamid Badawi, Alaa Banach, Maciej Banerjee, Amitava Banstola, Amrit Barber, Ryan M. Barboza, Miguel A. Barker-Collo, Suzanne L. Baernighausen, Till Barquera, Simon Barrero, Lope H. Bassat, Quique Basu, Sanjay Baune, Bernhard T. Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Bedi, Neeraj Beghi, Ettore Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Bekele, Bayu Begashaw Belachew, Abate Bekele Belay, Saba Abraham Belay, Yihalem Abebe Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Aminu K. Bennett, Derrick A. Bennett, James R. Bensenor, Isabela M. Berhe, Derbew Fikadu Bernabe, Eduardo Bernstein, Robert Steven Beuran, Mircea Bhalla, Ashish Bhatt, Paurvi Bhaumik, Soumyadeep Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Biadgo, Belete Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Birungi, Charles Biryukov, Stan Bizuneh, Hailemichael Bolliger, Ian W. Bolt, Kaylin Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R. Bozorgmehr, Kayvan Brady, Oliver Jerome Brazinova, Alexandra Breitborde, Nicholas J. K. Brenner, Hermann Britton, Gabrielle Brugha, Traolach S. Butt, Zahid A. Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo Campuzano, Julio Cesar Car, Josip Car, Mate Cardenas, Rosario Carrero, Juan Jesus Carvalho, Felix Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo Catala-Lopez, Ferran Cercy, Kelly Chalek, Julian Chang, Hsing-Yi Chang, Jung-Chen Chattopadhyay, Aparajita Chaturvedi, Pankaj Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe Choi, Jee-Young J. Christensen, Hanne Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas Chung, Sheng-Chia Ciobanu, Liliana G. Cirillo, Massimo Colombara, Danny Conti, Sara Cooper, Cyrus Cornaby, Leslie Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cortinovis, Monica Pereira, Alexandre Costa Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H. Cromwell, Elizabeth A. Crowe, Christopher Stephen Crump, John A. Daba, Alemneh Kabeta Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadi, Abel Fekadu Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargan, Paul I. Daryani, Ahmad Daryani, Maryam Das, Jai Das, Siddharth Kumar das Neves, Jose Weaver, Nicole Davis Davletov, Kairat de Courten, Barbora De Leo, Diego De Neve, Jan-Walter Dellavalle, Robert P. Demoz, Gebre Deribe, Kebede Des Jarlais, Don C. Dey, Subhojit Dharmaratne, Samath D. Dhimal, Meghnath Djalalinia, Shirin Doku, David Teye Dolan, Kate Dorsey, E. Ray Bender dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Doyle, Kerrie E. Driscoll, Tim R. Dubey, Manisha Dubljanin, Eleonora Duncan, Bruce Bartholow Echko, Michelle Edessa, Dumessa Edvardsson, David Ehrlich, Joshua R. Eldrenkamp, Erika El-Khatib, Ziad Endres, Matthias Endries, Aman Yesuf Eshrati, Babak Eskandarieh, Sharareh Esteghamati, Alireza Fakhar, Mahdi Farag, Tamer Faramarzi, Mahbobeh Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino Faro, Andre Farzadfar, Farshad Fatusi, Adesegun Fazeli, Mir Sohail Feigin, Valery L. Feigl, Andrea B. 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Lansingh, Van C. Lansky, Sonia Larsson, Anders Latifi, Arman Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor Leasher, Janet L. Lee, Paul H. Legesse, Yirga Leigh, James Leshargie, Cheru Tesema Leta, Samson Leung, Janni Leung, Ricky Levi, Miriam Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liben, Misgan Legesse Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S. Lind, Margaret Linn, Shai Listl, Stefan Liu, Patrick Y. Liu, Shiwei Lodha, Rakesh Lopez, Alan D. Lorch, Scott A. Lorkowski, Stefan Lotufo, Paulo A. Lucas, Timothy C. D. Lunevicius, Raimundas Lurton, Gregoire Lyons, Ronan A. Maalouf, Fadi Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King Mackay, Mark T. Maddison, Emilie R. Madotto, Fabiana Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Majdan, Marek Majdzadeh, Reza Majeed, Azeem Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rajesh Malta, Deborah Carvalho Mamun, Abdullah A. Manguerra, Helena Manhertz, Treh Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantovani, Lorenzo G. Manyazewal, Tsegahun Mapoma, Chabila C. Margono, Christopher Martinez-Raga, Jose Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio Martopullo, Ira Maerz, Winfried Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard Mathur, Manu Raj Maulik, Pallab K. Mazidi, Mohsen McAlinden, Colm McGrath, John J. McKee, Martin Mehata, Suresh Mehrotra, Ravi Mehta, Kala M. Mehta, Varshil Meier, Toni Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam Melku, Mulugeta Memiah, Peter Memish, Ziad A. Mendoza, Walter Mengiste, Degu Abate Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese Menota, Bereket Gebremichael Mensah, George A. Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane Miazgowski, Tomasz Micha, Renata Milam, Robert Millear, Anoushka Miller, Ted R. Mini, G. K. Minnig, Shawn Mirica, Andreea Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Misganaw, Awoke Mitchell, Philip B. Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal Moazen, Babak Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh Mohammed, Ebrahim Mohammed, Mohammed A. Mohammed, Shafiu Mokdad, Ali H. Mola, Glen Liddell D. Molokhia, Mariam Momeniha, Fatemeh Monasta, Lorenzo Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Moraga, Paula Morawska, Lidia Velasquez, Ilais Moreno Mori, Rintaro Morrison, Shane D. Moses, Mark Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam Mueller, Ulrich O. Murhekar, Manoj Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas Musa, Jonah Musa, Kamarul Imran Mustafa, Ghulam Muthupandian, Saravanan Nagata, Chie Nagel, Gabriele Naghavi, Mohsen Naheed, Aliya Naik, Gurudatta A. Naik, Nitish Najafi, Farid Naldi, Luigi Nangia, Vinay Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Newton, Charles R. Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku Grant Nguyen, Grant Nguyen Long Nguyen, Long Nguyen Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen Nichols, Emma Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini Nolte, Ellen Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong Norheim, Ole F. Norrving, Bo Noubiap, Jean Jacques N. Nyandwi, Alypio Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf Ofori-Asenso, Richard Ogbo, Felix Akpojene Oh, In-Hwan Oladimeji, Olanrewaju Olagunju, Andrew Toyin Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olivares, Pedro R. Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Olsen, Helen E. Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Ong, Kanyin Opio, John Nelson Oren, Eyal Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. Ortiz, Alberto Ozdemir, Raziye Mahesh, P. A. Pain, Amanda W. Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani Pana, Adrian Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandian, Jeyaraj D. Park, Eun-Kee Parsian, Hadi Patel, Tejas Pati, Sanghamitra Patil, Snehal T. Patle, Ajay Patton, George C. Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao Paudel, Deepak Pedroso, Marcel de Moares Pedroza, Sandra P. Pereira, David M. Perico, Norberto Peterson, Hannah Petzold, Max Peykari, Niloofar Phillips, Michael Robert Piel, Frederic B. Pigott, David M. Pillay, Julian David Piradov, Michael A. Polinder, Suzanne Pond, Constance D. Postma, Maarten J. Pourmalek, Farshad Prakash, Swayam Prakash, V. Prasad, Narayan Prasad, Noela Marie Purcell, Caroline Qorbani, Mostafa Quintana, Hedley Knewjen Radfar, Amir Rafay, Anwar Rafiei, Alireza Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rai, Rajesh Kumar Raju, Bhushan Ram, Usha Rana, Saleem M. Rankin, Zane Rasella, Davide Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Ray, Sarah E. Aspacia Razo-Garcia, Christian Reddy, Priscilla Reiner, Robert C. Reis, Cesar Reitsma, Marissa B. Remuzzi, Giuseppe Renzaho, Andre M. N. Resnikoff, Serge Rezaei, Satar Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh Ribeiro, Antonio L. Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus Rivera, Juan A. Roever, Leonardo Ronfani, Luca Roshandel, Gholamreza Rostami, Ali Roth, Gregory A. Rothenbacher, Dietrich Roy, Ambuj Roy, Nobhojit Ruhago, George Mugambage Sabde, Yogesh Damodar Sachdev, Perminder S. Sadat, Nafis Safdarian, Mahdi Safiri, Saeid Sagar, Rajesh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Sajadi, Haniye Sadat Salama, Joseph Salamati, Payman Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas Salimzadeh, Hamideh Salomon, Joshua A. Samy, Abdallah M. Sanabria, Juan Ramon Sancheti, Parag K. Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores Santomauro, Damian Santos, Itamar S. Milicevic, Milena M. Santric Sarker, Abdur Razzaque Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sartorius, Benn Satpathy, Maheswar Savic, Miloje Sawhney, Monika Saxena, Sonia Saylan, Mete I. Schaeffner, Elke Schmidhuber, Josef Schmidt, Maria Ines Schneider, Ione J. C. Schumacher, Austin E. Schutte, Aletta E. Schwebel, David C. Schwendicke, Falk Sekerija, Mario Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servan-Mori, Edson E. Shafieesabet, Azadeh Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran Sharafi, Heidar Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Sharma, Meenakshi Sharma, Rajesh She, Jun Sheikh, Aziz Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shi, Peilin Shields, Chloe Shigematsu, Mika Shinohara, Yukito Shiri, Rahman Shirkoohi, Reza Shiue, Ivy Shrime, Mark G. Shukla, Sharvari Rahul Siabani, Soraya Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H. Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Silva, Joao Pedro Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Lavanya Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Sinke, Abiy Hiruye Sisay, Mekonnen Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Smith, Alison Soares Filho, Adauto Martins Sobaih, Badr H. A. Somai, Melek Soneji, Samir Soofi, Moslem Sorensen, Reed J. D. Soriano, Joan B. Soyiri, Ireneous N. Sposato, Luciano A. Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. Srinivasan, Vinay Stanaway, Jeffrey D. Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Steel, Nicholas Stein, Dan J. Stokes, Mark Andrew Sturua, Lela Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader Sunguya, Bruno F. Sur, Patrick J. Sykes, Bryan L. Sylaja, P. N. Szoeke, Cassandra E. I. Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tadesse, Andualem Henok Taffere, Getachew Redae Tandon, Nikhil Tariku, Amare Tariku Taveira, Nuno Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash Shifa, Girma Temam Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie Tesfaye, Dawit Jember Tessema, Belay Thakur, J. S. Thomas, Nihal Thompson, Matthew J. Tillmann, Taavi To, Quyen G. Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Topouzis, Fotis Torre, Anna Tortajada, Miguel Tran, Bach Xuan Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran Tripathi, Avnish Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad Troeger, Christopher Truelsen, Thomas Tsoi, Derrick Car, Lorainne Tudor Tuem, Kald Beshir Tyrovolas, Stefanos Uchendu, Uche S. Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna Ullah, Irfan Updike, Rachel Uthman, Olalekan A. Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi Ruben Valdez, Pascual van Boven, Job F. M. Varughese, Santosh Vasankari, Tommi Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Violante, Francesco S. Vladimirov, Sergey K. Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vollset, Stein Emil Vos, Theo Wagnew, Fasil Waheed, Yasir Wallin, Mitchell T. Walson, Judd L. Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wassie, Molla Mesele Weaver, Marcia R. Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G. Weiss, Jordan Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey Werdecker, Andrea West, T. Eoin Westerman, Ronny White, Richard G. Whiteford, Harvey A. Widecka, Justyna Winkler, Andrea Sylvia Wiysonge, Charles Shey Wolfe, Charles D. A. Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele Workicho, Abdulhalik Wyper, Grant M. A. Xavier, Denis Xu, Gelin Yan, Lijing L. Yano, Yuichiro Yaseri, Mehdi Yimer, Nigus Bililign Yin, Peng Yip, Paul Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn Yonemoto, Naohiro Yonga, Gerald Yoon, Seok-Jun Yotebieng, Marcel Younis, Mustafa Z. Yu, Chuanhua Zadnik, Vesna Zaidi, Zoubida Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed Bin Zaman, Sojib Zamani, Mohammad Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zimsen, Stephanie R. M. Zipkin, Ben Zodpey, Sanjay Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna Murray, Christopher J. L. Lozano, Rafael 2018 https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2920947 eng eng Elsevier Science Inc info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0140-6736 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1474-547X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000433904700029 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/29893224 https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2920947 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article doc-type:article text 2018 ftubbiepub https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2 2022-02-08T22:34:40Z Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay SM, et al. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet . 2018;391(10136):2236-2271. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97.1 (95% UI 95.8-98.1) in Iceland, followed by 96.6 (94.9-97.9) in Norway and 96.1 (94.5-97.3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18.6 (13.1-24.4) in the Central African Republic, 19.0 (14.3-23.7) in Somalia, and 23.4 (20.2-26.8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91.5 (89.1-936) in Beijing to 48.0 (43.4-53.2) in Tibet (a 43.5-point difference), while India saw a 30.8-point disparity, from 64.8 (59.6-68.8) in Goa to 34.0 (30.3-38.1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4.8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20.9-point to 17.0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17.2-point to 20.4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view and subsequent provision of quality health care for all populations. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland PUB - Publications at Bielefeld University Norway The Lancet 391 10136 2236 2271 |