| Summary: | Disintegration of Antarctic ice shelves can induce devastated consequences for the environment and human infrastructure in the form of an increase of the global mean sea level. One of the causes of an ice shelf break down is hydrofracturing due to the mass load of supraglacial lakes. The top of the snowpack melts and the meltwater flows to a local depression where it accumulates and forms melting ponds. Detecting and quantifying the depth of these supraglacial lakes will increase the knowledge on the evolution of supraglacial lakes. Satellite remote sensing techniques are able to determine the volume of individual ponds. However, these methods have their limitations in calculating the depth and area per lake. Regional climate models are capable of estimating the total volume of meltwater within a certain area of interest, but have until now not been able to measure the depth and area of separate supraglacial lakes with certainty. This research study focused on highlighting the limitations of and developing possible improvements for three climate-based and satellite-based methods for comparing them to one another. The first method made use of Sentinel-2 scenes and a threshold-based classification to calculate the water extent and the water depth was calculated by use of band values and by knowing both the volume can be estimated. The second method made use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images to classify areas containing water over a biweekly interval. A new method, denoted as the kernel method, was developed for measuring the depth of each detected lake with a lake mask and a digital elevation model. The volume is subsequently derived from the water extent and depth. Snowmelt, refreezing, precipitation and snowfall from a regional climate model, RACMO, was applied to estimate the total volume of meltwater within a catchment. With a digital elevation model a routing is determined to visualize where the calculated meltwater accumulates and subsequently the depth and area were computed. Based on comparing the water ...
|
|---|