Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future

The start, end, duration and intensity of the thermal growing season (the period with mean daily temperatures exceeding 5°C) during the past century (1890-1995) was analysed at nine sites in the Nordic region. Statistical comparisons were made between three adjacent 35-year periods. The results indi...

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Published in:Agricultural and Food Science
Main Author: Carter, Timothy R.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland 1998
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857
https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72857
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spelling fttsvojs:oai:journal.fi:article/72857 2023-05-15T16:12:19+02:00 Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future Termisen kasvukauden muutokset Pohjoismaissa viimeisen vuosisadan aikana ja tulevaisuudessa Carter, Timothy R. 1998-01-01 application/pdf https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72857 eng eng The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857/34635 https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857 doi:10.23986/afsci.72857 Agricultural and Food Science; Vol 7 No 2 (1998); 161-179 Agricultural and Food Science; Vol 7 Nro 2 (1998); 161-179 1795-1895 1459-6067 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article 1998 fttsvojs https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72857 2020-05-29T22:03:20Z The start, end, duration and intensity of the thermal growing season (the period with mean daily temperatures exceeding 5°C) during the past century (1890-1995) was analysed at nine sites in the Nordic region. Statistical comparisons were made between three adjacent 35-year periods. The results indicate that the growing season lengthened considerably at all sites between 1891-1925 and 1926-1960. Lengthening has continued at a slower rate up to the present at the eight Fennoscandian sites but not at the Icelandic site. In contrast, the intensity of the growing season, expressed by effective temperature sum above 5°C, which increased at all sites between the first two periods, has decreased slightly at all locations except Turku in recent decades. Under three scenarios, representing the range of estimated greenhouse gas-induced warming by the 2050s, the growing season is expected to lengthen at all sites. For a “Central” scenario, the greatest lengthening is computed for southern and western Scandinavia (7-8 weeks) with smaller changes in Finland (4 weeks) and Iceland (3 weeks). With a lengthening growing season during the past century in Fennoscandia, there are likely to have been impacts on natural and managed ecosystems. Some evidence of recent biotic and abiotic effects already exists, but other indicators of long-term change remain to be analysed. Termisen kasvukauden (ajanjakso, jolloin vuorokauden keskilämpötila ylittää +5°C) alkua, loppua ja kestoa tarkasteltiin edellisen sadan vuoden aikana (1890- 1995) yhdeksällä koepaikalla Pohjoismaissa. Tilastollisia vertailuja tehtiin kolmen perättäisen 35-vuotisjakson välillä. Tulokset osoittavat, että kasvukausi piteni merkittävästi kaikilla koepaikoilla vuosina 1891-1925 ja 1926-1960. Kasvukauden piteneminen on jatkunut tähän päivään saakka, joskin aiempaa hitaampana, kaikilla muilla paitsi islantilaisella koepaikalla. Kasvukauden tehokkuus kuvattuna tehoisana lämpösummana (+5°C ylittävien vuorokausikeskilämpötilojen summa) kasvoi kaikilla koepaikoilla kahden ensimmäisen jakson aikana, mutta pieneni jonkin verran viimeisellä jaksolla kaikkialla paitsi Turussa. Saavuttaessa 2050-luvulle kasvukauden arvioidaan pidentyneen kaikilla koepaikoilla, kun arvion perustaksi valitaan kolme erilaista skenaariota ilmaston odotetusta lämpenemisestä. “Keskiarvioskenaarion” mukaisessa ennusteessa kasvukausi pitenisi eniten eteläisessä ja läntisessä Skandinaviassa (7-8 viikkoa) ja vähiten Suomessa (4 viikkoa) ja Islannissa (3 viikkoa). Kasvukauden piteneminen viimeisen sadan vuoden aikana on todennäköisesti jättänyt jälkensä luonnontilaisiin ja hoidettuihin ekosysteemeihin. Joitakin merkkejä bioottisista ja abioottisista vaikutuksista onkin jo havaittavissa, mutta monia indikaattoreita pitkän ajan muutoksesta ei ole vielä tarkasteltu. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Iceland Federation of Finnish Learned Societies: Scientific Journals Online Agricultural and Food Science 7 2 161 179
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collection Federation of Finnish Learned Societies: Scientific Journals Online
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language English
description The start, end, duration and intensity of the thermal growing season (the period with mean daily temperatures exceeding 5°C) during the past century (1890-1995) was analysed at nine sites in the Nordic region. Statistical comparisons were made between three adjacent 35-year periods. The results indicate that the growing season lengthened considerably at all sites between 1891-1925 and 1926-1960. Lengthening has continued at a slower rate up to the present at the eight Fennoscandian sites but not at the Icelandic site. In contrast, the intensity of the growing season, expressed by effective temperature sum above 5°C, which increased at all sites between the first two periods, has decreased slightly at all locations except Turku in recent decades. Under three scenarios, representing the range of estimated greenhouse gas-induced warming by the 2050s, the growing season is expected to lengthen at all sites. For a “Central” scenario, the greatest lengthening is computed for southern and western Scandinavia (7-8 weeks) with smaller changes in Finland (4 weeks) and Iceland (3 weeks). With a lengthening growing season during the past century in Fennoscandia, there are likely to have been impacts on natural and managed ecosystems. Some evidence of recent biotic and abiotic effects already exists, but other indicators of long-term change remain to be analysed. Termisen kasvukauden (ajanjakso, jolloin vuorokauden keskilämpötila ylittää +5°C) alkua, loppua ja kestoa tarkasteltiin edellisen sadan vuoden aikana (1890- 1995) yhdeksällä koepaikalla Pohjoismaissa. Tilastollisia vertailuja tehtiin kolmen perättäisen 35-vuotisjakson välillä. Tulokset osoittavat, että kasvukausi piteni merkittävästi kaikilla koepaikoilla vuosina 1891-1925 ja 1926-1960. Kasvukauden piteneminen on jatkunut tähän päivään saakka, joskin aiempaa hitaampana, kaikilla muilla paitsi islantilaisella koepaikalla. Kasvukauden tehokkuus kuvattuna tehoisana lämpösummana (+5°C ylittävien vuorokausikeskilämpötilojen summa) kasvoi kaikilla koepaikoilla kahden ensimmäisen jakson aikana, mutta pieneni jonkin verran viimeisellä jaksolla kaikkialla paitsi Turussa. Saavuttaessa 2050-luvulle kasvukauden arvioidaan pidentyneen kaikilla koepaikoilla, kun arvion perustaksi valitaan kolme erilaista skenaariota ilmaston odotetusta lämpenemisestä. “Keskiarvioskenaarion” mukaisessa ennusteessa kasvukausi pitenisi eniten eteläisessä ja läntisessä Skandinaviassa (7-8 viikkoa) ja vähiten Suomessa (4 viikkoa) ja Islannissa (3 viikkoa). Kasvukauden piteneminen viimeisen sadan vuoden aikana on todennäköisesti jättänyt jälkensä luonnontilaisiin ja hoidettuihin ekosysteemeihin. Joitakin merkkejä bioottisista ja abioottisista vaikutuksista onkin jo havaittavissa, mutta monia indikaattoreita pitkän ajan muutoksesta ei ole vielä tarkasteltu.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Carter, Timothy R.
spellingShingle Carter, Timothy R.
Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
author_facet Carter, Timothy R.
author_sort Carter, Timothy R.
title Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
title_short Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
title_full Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
title_fullStr Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
title_full_unstemmed Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
title_sort changes in the thermal growing season in nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future
publisher The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland
publishDate 1998
url https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857
https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72857
genre Fennoscandia
Fennoscandian
Iceland
genre_facet Fennoscandia
Fennoscandian
Iceland
op_source Agricultural and Food Science; Vol 7 No 2 (1998); 161-179
Agricultural and Food Science; Vol 7 Nro 2 (1998); 161-179
1795-1895
1459-6067
op_relation https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857/34635
https://journal.fi/afs/article/view/72857
doi:10.23986/afsci.72857
op_doi https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72857
container_title Agricultural and Food Science
container_volume 7
container_issue 2
container_start_page 161
op_container_end_page 179
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