Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium
The climate of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is strongly influenced by variations in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Because of the limited length of instrumental records in most parts of the SH, very little is known about the relationship between these tw...
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:yJX08rP1GETzGF1hucnFM 2023-05-15T13:24:07+02:00 Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium Dätwyler, Christoph Grosjean, Martin Steiger, Nathan J. Neukom, Raphael 2020-04-22 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/743/2020/ en eng doi:10.5194/cp-16-743-2020 10670/1.duydm0 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/743/2020/ undefined Geographica Helvetica - geography eISSN: 1814-9332 archeo geo Text https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_18cf/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020 2023-01-22T18:11:52Z The climate of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is strongly influenced by variations in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Because of the limited length of instrumental records in most parts of the SH, very little is known about the relationship between these two key modes of variability over time. Using proxy-based reconstructions and last-millennium climate model simulations, we find that ENSO and SAM indices are mostly negatively correlated over the past millennium. Pseudo-proxy experiments indicate that currently available proxy records are able to reliably capture ENSO–SAM relationships back to at least 1600 CE. Palaeoclimate reconstructions show mostly negative correlations back to about 1400 CE. An ensemble of last-millennium climate model simulations confirms this negative correlation, showing a stable correlation of approximately −0.3. Despite this generally negative relationship we do find intermittent periods of positive ENSO–SAM correlations in individual model simulations and in the palaeoclimate reconstructions. We do not find evidence that these relationship fluctuations are caused by exogenous forcing nor by a consistent climate pattern. However, we do find evidence that strong negative correlations are associated with strong positive (negative) anomalies in the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and the Amundsen Sea Low during periods when SAM and ENSO indices are of opposite (equal) sign. Text Amundsen Sea Unknown Amundsen Sea Pacific Climate of the Past 16 2 743 756 |
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archeo geo Dätwyler, Christoph Grosjean, Martin Steiger, Nathan J. Neukom, Raphael Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
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archeo geo |
description |
The climate of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is strongly influenced by variations in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Because of the limited length of instrumental records in most parts of the SH, very little is known about the relationship between these two key modes of variability over time. Using proxy-based reconstructions and last-millennium climate model simulations, we find that ENSO and SAM indices are mostly negatively correlated over the past millennium. Pseudo-proxy experiments indicate that currently available proxy records are able to reliably capture ENSO–SAM relationships back to at least 1600 CE. Palaeoclimate reconstructions show mostly negative correlations back to about 1400 CE. An ensemble of last-millennium climate model simulations confirms this negative correlation, showing a stable correlation of approximately −0.3. Despite this generally negative relationship we do find intermittent periods of positive ENSO–SAM correlations in individual model simulations and in the palaeoclimate reconstructions. We do not find evidence that these relationship fluctuations are caused by exogenous forcing nor by a consistent climate pattern. However, we do find evidence that strong negative correlations are associated with strong positive (negative) anomalies in the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and the Amundsen Sea Low during periods when SAM and ENSO indices are of opposite (equal) sign. |
format |
Text |
author |
Dätwyler, Christoph Grosjean, Martin Steiger, Nathan J. Neukom, Raphael |
author_facet |
Dätwyler, Christoph Grosjean, Martin Steiger, Nathan J. Neukom, Raphael |
author_sort |
Dätwyler, Christoph |
title |
Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
title_short |
Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
title_full |
Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
title_fullStr |
Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
title_full_unstemmed |
Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
title_sort |
teleconnections and relationship between the el niño–southern oscillation (enso) and the southern annular mode (sam) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/743/2020/ |
geographic |
Amundsen Sea Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Amundsen Sea Pacific |
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Amundsen Sea |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Sea |
op_source |
Geographica Helvetica - geography eISSN: 1814-9332 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/cp-16-743-2020 10670/1.duydm0 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/743/2020/ |
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https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020 |
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Climate of the Past |
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16 |
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