Les Lahars et les laves torrentielles historiques aux Antilles françaises : un risque hydro-volcano-géomorphologique majeur

• Published in: Physio-Géo
• Main Author: Lalubie, Guillaume
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: French
• Published: Claude Martin 2022
• Subjects: base de données; hydro-volcano-géomorphologie; lahars; Montagne Pelée; Petites Antilles; Soufrière de Guadeloupe; Accès à l'eau; Avifaune; Banquise; Caulerpa racemosa; Changements climatiques; Climatologie; Conductivité hydraulique; Cordon littoral; Eau; Eaux usées; Ecosystème marin; Embouchure; Environnement; Filtration; Géomorphologie; Géomorphologie littorale; Histoire de la végétation; Histoire du climat; Hydrogéomorphologie; Hydrologie; Lahar; Lits fluviaux; Littoral; Marais; Métaux lourds; Néotectonique; Niveau marin; Orbieu; Palynologie; Risques; Risques d'inondation; Sebkha; Sécheresse; Terrasses alluviales; Travertins; Urbanisation; Végétation; Volcan; Zones humides; Zones inondables; data base; hydro-volcano-geomorphology; Lesser Antilles; Access to water; banquise
• Online Access: http://journals.openedition.org/physio-geo/3479

Substantiated by original scientific reports, the inventory of historic lahars in the French West Indies was conducted in order to constitute a geo-referenced database: the BDFAHL (French Antilles Historical Lahar). This database lists the localization of flows, their characteristics and their possible impact. With more than 170 identified debris flows or lahars, this inventory takes into account the diversity of laharic processes and proposes a typology of flows according to three criteria: the context, the origin and the sediment concentration. Moreover, despite gaps in the continuity of magmatic eruptions of the Montagne Pelée, the database also provides evidence of the occurrence and the threat of this hazard. Finally, the inventory distinguishes the "major or principal volcanic" streams, in which concentrates the majority of the laharic activity occurs because their torrential catchment area is below the top of the volcano, from the "secondary volcanic" streams that are less dangerous because they essentially drain the base of the volcanic cone and the accumulation glacis. Following a similar methodology, this inventory should be extended to the rest of the archipelago to form the BDLAHL (Lesser Antilles Historical Lahar). This would provide an opportunity to identify the major volcanic streams of the region and to identify other possible features which do not occur on any of the other French volcanoes previously studied. En s'appuyant sur des documents scientifiques originaux, l'inventaire des lahars historiques aux Antilles françaises a été réalisé dans l'objectif de constituer une base de données géoréférencées : la BDFAHL (French Antilles Historical Lahar). Cette base de données recense à la fois la localisation des coulées, leurs caractéristiques et leurs impacts éventuels. Avec plus de 170 lahars ou laves torrentielles recensés, cet inventaire a permis, d'une part, d'appréhender la diversité des processus lahariques et, d'autre part, de proposer une typologie des coulées selon trois critères : le ...