La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle

During the recent archaeological excavation at Cape Espenberg, house 33 (F33) was exposed. Dated to the late 17th/early 18th century, it consists mainly of wood, the preservation of which is excellent in the frozen permafrost layers. Generally, western Arctic houses are semi-subterranean and are ent...

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Published in:Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie
Main Author: Méreuze, Rémi
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:French
Published: Editions de la maison des sciences de l'homme 2015
Subjects:
art
Online Access:http://journals.openedition.org/nda/3080
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spelling fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:revues.org:nda/3080 2023-05-15T15:04:52+02:00 La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle Building House 33 of Cape Espenberg, north-west of Alaska, in the xviith century Méreuze, Rémi Alaska 2015-10-01 http://journals.openedition.org/nda/3080 fr fre Editions de la maison des sciences de l'homme Les nouvelles de l'archéologie urn:doi:10.4000/nda.3080 http://journals.openedition.org/nda/3080 undefined Alaska wooden architecture Thule culture construction Techniques Inuit village architecture en bois culture de Thulé techniques de construction village inuit archi art Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2015 fttriple https://doi.org/10.4000/nda.3080 2023-01-22T19:20:19Z During the recent archaeological excavation at Cape Espenberg, house 33 (F33) was exposed. Dated to the late 17th/early 18th century, it consists mainly of wood, the preservation of which is excellent in the frozen permafrost layers. Generally, western Arctic houses are semi-subterranean and are entered through an access tunnel, which being located below the rest of the house, serves as a cold trap. The structural elements were analyzed in terms of species and reduction sequence (debitage). A clear difference appears between the tunnel, where species are relatively diverse and logs are mostly unsplit, and the main room where species are less diverse and logs are more extensively split. The “chaîne opératoire” of the construction of F33 - from the collect of logs to applying a sod cover on the wooden frame - was then partially modeled based on the field data and the wood identification and technological analysis. This preliminary data was then compared to ethnographic information from the region, dating as early as the 19th century. In the western Arctic, houses were often grouped into winter villages of varying sizes, generally two to ten houses in the Cape Espenberg area.Based on ethnographic data and the analysis of F33's construction techniques, it is suggested that building a house required more people than the sole nuclear family that would occupy it. It was an activity which brought the village together and contributed to the construction of the group itself; a social activity which consolidated the winter gathering. Lors de fouilles archéologiques récentes au Cap Espenberg, la maison 33 (F33) a été mise au jour. Datée de la fin du xviie/début du xviiie siècle, elle est principalement constituée de bois, dont la préservation dans les couches gelées du pergélisol est excellente. Généralement, les maisons de l'Arctique occidental sont semi-enterrées et leur entrée se fait par un tunnel d'accès situé plus bas que le reste de la maison afin d'y bloquer le froid. Les éléments de charpente ont été analysés en ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Culture de Thulé inuit permafrost Thule culture Alaska pergélisol Unknown Arctic Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie 141 19 25
institution Open Polar
collection Unknown
op_collection_id fttriple
language French
topic Alaska
wooden architecture
Thule culture
construction Techniques
Inuit village
architecture en bois
culture de Thulé
techniques de construction
village inuit
archi
art
spellingShingle Alaska
wooden architecture
Thule culture
construction Techniques
Inuit village
architecture en bois
culture de Thulé
techniques de construction
village inuit
archi
art
Méreuze, Rémi
La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle
topic_facet Alaska
wooden architecture
Thule culture
construction Techniques
Inuit village
architecture en bois
culture de Thulé
techniques de construction
village inuit
archi
art
description During the recent archaeological excavation at Cape Espenberg, house 33 (F33) was exposed. Dated to the late 17th/early 18th century, it consists mainly of wood, the preservation of which is excellent in the frozen permafrost layers. Generally, western Arctic houses are semi-subterranean and are entered through an access tunnel, which being located below the rest of the house, serves as a cold trap. The structural elements were analyzed in terms of species and reduction sequence (debitage). A clear difference appears between the tunnel, where species are relatively diverse and logs are mostly unsplit, and the main room where species are less diverse and logs are more extensively split. The “chaîne opératoire” of the construction of F33 - from the collect of logs to applying a sod cover on the wooden frame - was then partially modeled based on the field data and the wood identification and technological analysis. This preliminary data was then compared to ethnographic information from the region, dating as early as the 19th century. In the western Arctic, houses were often grouped into winter villages of varying sizes, generally two to ten houses in the Cape Espenberg area.Based on ethnographic data and the analysis of F33's construction techniques, it is suggested that building a house required more people than the sole nuclear family that would occupy it. It was an activity which brought the village together and contributed to the construction of the group itself; a social activity which consolidated the winter gathering. Lors de fouilles archéologiques récentes au Cap Espenberg, la maison 33 (F33) a été mise au jour. Datée de la fin du xviie/début du xviiie siècle, elle est principalement constituée de bois, dont la préservation dans les couches gelées du pergélisol est excellente. Généralement, les maisons de l'Arctique occidental sont semi-enterrées et leur entrée se fait par un tunnel d'accès situé plus bas que le reste de la maison afin d'y bloquer le froid. Les éléments de charpente ont été analysés en ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Méreuze, Rémi
author_facet Méreuze, Rémi
author_sort Méreuze, Rémi
title La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle
title_short La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle
title_full La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle
title_fullStr La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle
title_full_unstemmed La construction de la maison 33 du cap Espenberg, nord-ouest de l'Alaska, au xviiie siècle
title_sort la construction de la maison 33 du cap espenberg, nord-ouest de l'alaska, au xviiie siècle
publisher Editions de la maison des sciences de l'homme
publishDate 2015
url http://journals.openedition.org/nda/3080
op_coverage Alaska
geographic Arctic
geographic_facet Arctic
genre Arctic
Culture de Thulé
inuit
permafrost
Thule culture
Alaska
pergélisol
genre_facet Arctic
Culture de Thulé
inuit
permafrost
Thule culture
Alaska
pergélisol
op_relation urn:doi:10.4000/nda.3080
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container_title Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie
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