Vivre entre deux cultures frontalières : comment un habitat multiethnique oriente l’auto-identification

• Published in: Études finno-ougriennes
• Main Author: Laptander, Roza
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: French
• Published: INALCO 2015
• Subjects: zone frontalière; multilinguisme; bilinguisme; changement d’identité; Border area; multilingualism; Bilingualism; identity shift; lang; Sob’; khanty; nenets; Selkoupe*; toundra; Siberia
• Online Access: http://journals.openedition.org/efo/2552

The population of the Northern Western part of the Yamal-Nenetskij Autonomous District (Western Siberia, Russia) is represented by diverse ethnic groups. The most numerable of them are Komi-Zyrjans, Siberian Tatars and Russians, who came to this area approximately 300 years ago. The indigenous population is represented by Nenets, Khanty, and Selkups. In this article, on the example of the Nenets language speakers, are described the common rules of the communication in the multilingual societies. The sociolinguistic research of language contacts shows that the nature of bilingualism and language borrowings arises from interethnic communication. This phenomenon is realized within one language only by bilinguals who identify themselves at the same time as Khanty or Nenets. It has happened because of regular communication between representatives of two language communities or when their members move to another community as a result of mastering the adjacent language. The social function of two or three languages stipulated, first, by the combination of socioeconomic factors that determine the frequency and direction of the transition of members of one ethnicity into another. At the same time these group of people, so-called ‘migrants’, do not lose contacts with their own ethnos, thus becoming some kind of ‘mediators’ between Khanty and Nenets groups and speak these languages. La population du nord-ouest de l’arrondissement autonome des Nenets du Jamal (Sibérie Occidentale, Russie) se compose de différents groupes ethniques. Les plus nombreux sont les Komis-Zyriènes, les Tatars sibériens et les Russes, qui sont arrivés dans cette région il y a environ trois siècles. La population autochtone se compose de Nenets, de Khantys, et de Selkoupes. Cet article, qui repose sur les locuteurs du nenets, rend compte des principales règles de communication dans les communautés multilingues. La recherche sociolinguistique sur les contacts entre les langues montre que la nature du bilinguisme et les emprunts linguistiques ...