Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functio...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 https://doaj.org/article/e1421b0fdc254273b2df87d3c9ca4a20 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:e1421b0fdc254273b2df87d3c9ca4a20 2023-05-15T15:30:53+02:00 Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Isabel S. Abihssira-García Youngjin Park Viswanath Kiron Pål A. Olsvik 2020-11-01 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 https://doaj.org/article/e1421b0fdc254273b2df87d3c9ca4a20 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. 2296-665X doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 https://doaj.org/article/e1421b0fdc254273b2df87d3c9ca4a20 undefined Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 8 (2020) microplastic (MP) ecotoxicology phagocytosis imaging flow cytometry (IFC) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) polystyrene (PS) envir socio Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 2023-01-22T17:51:33Z The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functions of organisms, including their defense mechanisms. There is limited information available about the response of immune cells to microplastics; the degree of uptake by the cells, the response of different organs or the impact of environmental concentrations of microplastic are matters that remain unclear. Moreover, very little is known about the toxicity of different polymer types. This study aimed to shed light on the physical impact of small microplastics (1–5 μm) on cells from Atlantic salmon. Immune cells from intestine, blood, and head kidney were exposed to green fluorescent polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP), yellow fluorescent polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) and both. High (50 mg/L), medium (5 mg/L), and low (0.05 mg/L) concentrations were tested for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h to study cell mortality and microplastic uptake. Quantitative data of microplastic uptake by fish immune cells were obtained for the first time by imaging flow cytometry. Salmon immune cells showed a relatively low ability to phagocytose microplastics. Less than 6% of the cells ingested the particles after 48 h of exposure to high concentrations. Cells also phagocytosed microplastics at low concentrations although at low rates (<0.1%). PE-MPs was phagocytosed by higher percentage of cells compared to PS-MPs and the former bioaccumulated in time while the latter decreased over time. However, each cell generally phagocytosed more PS-MPs particles than PE-MPs. Cells from different tissues showed different responses to the microplastic polymers. In conclusion, this study shows that immune cells of Atlantic salmon can phagocytose microplastics, and the impact is dependent on the microplastic type. PE-MPs, the most abundant polymer in the oceans ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Unknown Frontiers in Environmental Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
microplastic (MP) ecotoxicology phagocytosis imaging flow cytometry (IFC) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) polystyrene (PS) envir socio |
spellingShingle |
microplastic (MP) ecotoxicology phagocytosis imaging flow cytometry (IFC) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) polystyrene (PS) envir socio Isabel S. Abihssira-García Youngjin Park Viswanath Kiron Pål A. Olsvik Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
topic_facet |
microplastic (MP) ecotoxicology phagocytosis imaging flow cytometry (IFC) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) polystyrene (PS) envir socio |
description |
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functions of organisms, including their defense mechanisms. There is limited information available about the response of immune cells to microplastics; the degree of uptake by the cells, the response of different organs or the impact of environmental concentrations of microplastic are matters that remain unclear. Moreover, very little is known about the toxicity of different polymer types. This study aimed to shed light on the physical impact of small microplastics (1–5 μm) on cells from Atlantic salmon. Immune cells from intestine, blood, and head kidney were exposed to green fluorescent polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP), yellow fluorescent polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) and both. High (50 mg/L), medium (5 mg/L), and low (0.05 mg/L) concentrations were tested for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h to study cell mortality and microplastic uptake. Quantitative data of microplastic uptake by fish immune cells were obtained for the first time by imaging flow cytometry. Salmon immune cells showed a relatively low ability to phagocytose microplastics. Less than 6% of the cells ingested the particles after 48 h of exposure to high concentrations. Cells also phagocytosed microplastics at low concentrations although at low rates (<0.1%). PE-MPs was phagocytosed by higher percentage of cells compared to PS-MPs and the former bioaccumulated in time while the latter decreased over time. However, each cell generally phagocytosed more PS-MPs particles than PE-MPs. Cells from different tissues showed different responses to the microplastic polymers. In conclusion, this study shows that immune cells of Atlantic salmon can phagocytose microplastics, and the impact is dependent on the microplastic type. PE-MPs, the most abundant polymer in the oceans ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Isabel S. Abihssira-García Youngjin Park Viswanath Kiron Pål A. Olsvik |
author_facet |
Isabel S. Abihssira-García Youngjin Park Viswanath Kiron Pål A. Olsvik |
author_sort |
Isabel S. Abihssira-García |
title |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_short |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_full |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_fullStr |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_sort |
fluorescent microplastic uptake by immune cells of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 https://doaj.org/article/e1421b0fdc254273b2df87d3c9ca4a20 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 8 (2020) |
op_relation |
2296-665X doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 https://doaj.org/article/e1421b0fdc254273b2df87d3c9ca4a20 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Environmental Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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