The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom
During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 https://doaj.org/article/dc3008f9b1a5435a8d96e4f7f5a2df55 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:dc3008f9b1a5435a8d96e4f7f5a2df55 2023-05-15T14:46:10+02:00 The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom Achim Randelhoff Laurent Oziel Philippe Massicotte Guislain Bécu Martí Galí Léo Lacour Dany Dumont Anda Vladoiu Claudie Marec Flavienne Bruyant Marie-Noëlle Houssais Jean-Éric Tremblay Gabrièle Deslongchamps Marcel Babin 2019-05-01 https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 https://doaj.org/article/dc3008f9b1a5435a8d96e4f7f5a2df55 en eng BioOne 2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.357 https://doaj.org/article/dc3008f9b1a5435a8d96e4f7f5a2df55 undefined Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2019) Arctic Phytoplankton Ice edge Spring bloom Light Turbulence envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2019 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 2023-01-22T19:28:08Z During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in other regions of the world ocean. In 2016, we sampled a high-resolution grid of 135 hydrographic stations in Baffin Bay as part of the Green Edge project to study the ice-edge bloom, including turbulent vertical mixing, the under-ice light field, concentrations of inorganic nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass. We found pronounced differences between an Atlantic sector dominated by the warm West Greenland Current and an Arctic sector with surface waters originating from the Canadian archipelago. Winter overturning and thus nutrient replenishment was hampered by strong haline stratification in the Arctic domain, whereas close to the West Greenland shelf, weak stratification permitted winter mixing with high-nitrate Atlantic-derived waters. Using a space-for-time approach, we linked upper ocean dynamics to the phytoplankton bloom trailing the retreating ice edge. In a band of 60 km (or 15 days) around the ice edge, the upper ocean was especially affected by a freshened surface layer. Light climate, as evidenced by deep 0.415 mol m–2 d–1 isolumes, and vertical mixing, as quantified by shallow mixing layer depths, should have permitted significant net phytoplankton growth more than 100 km into the pack ice at ice concentrations close to 100%. Yet, under-ice biomass was relatively low at 20 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 and depth-integrated total chlorophyll-a (0–80 m) peaked at an average value of 75 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 only around 10 days after ice retreat. This phenological peak may hence have been the delayed result of much earlier bloom initiation and demonstrates the importance of temporal dynamics for constraints of Arctic marine primary production. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Canadian Archipelago Greenland Phytoplankton Unknown Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Greenland Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic Phytoplankton Ice edge Spring bloom Light Turbulence envir geo |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Phytoplankton Ice edge Spring bloom Light Turbulence envir geo Achim Randelhoff Laurent Oziel Philippe Massicotte Guislain Bécu Martí Galí Léo Lacour Dany Dumont Anda Vladoiu Claudie Marec Flavienne Bruyant Marie-Noëlle Houssais Jean-Éric Tremblay Gabrièle Deslongchamps Marcel Babin The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
topic_facet |
Arctic Phytoplankton Ice edge Spring bloom Light Turbulence envir geo |
description |
During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in other regions of the world ocean. In 2016, we sampled a high-resolution grid of 135 hydrographic stations in Baffin Bay as part of the Green Edge project to study the ice-edge bloom, including turbulent vertical mixing, the under-ice light field, concentrations of inorganic nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass. We found pronounced differences between an Atlantic sector dominated by the warm West Greenland Current and an Arctic sector with surface waters originating from the Canadian archipelago. Winter overturning and thus nutrient replenishment was hampered by strong haline stratification in the Arctic domain, whereas close to the West Greenland shelf, weak stratification permitted winter mixing with high-nitrate Atlantic-derived waters. Using a space-for-time approach, we linked upper ocean dynamics to the phytoplankton bloom trailing the retreating ice edge. In a band of 60 km (or 15 days) around the ice edge, the upper ocean was especially affected by a freshened surface layer. Light climate, as evidenced by deep 0.415 mol m–2 d–1 isolumes, and vertical mixing, as quantified by shallow mixing layer depths, should have permitted significant net phytoplankton growth more than 100 km into the pack ice at ice concentrations close to 100%. Yet, under-ice biomass was relatively low at 20 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 and depth-integrated total chlorophyll-a (0–80 m) peaked at an average value of 75 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 only around 10 days after ice retreat. This phenological peak may hence have been the delayed result of much earlier bloom initiation and demonstrates the importance of temporal dynamics for constraints of Arctic marine primary production. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Achim Randelhoff Laurent Oziel Philippe Massicotte Guislain Bécu Martí Galí Léo Lacour Dany Dumont Anda Vladoiu Claudie Marec Flavienne Bruyant Marie-Noëlle Houssais Jean-Éric Tremblay Gabrièle Deslongchamps Marcel Babin |
author_facet |
Achim Randelhoff Laurent Oziel Philippe Massicotte Guislain Bécu Martí Galí Léo Lacour Dany Dumont Anda Vladoiu Claudie Marec Flavienne Bruyant Marie-Noëlle Houssais Jean-Éric Tremblay Gabrièle Deslongchamps Marcel Babin |
author_sort |
Achim Randelhoff |
title |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_short |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_full |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_fullStr |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_full_unstemmed |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_sort |
evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 https://doaj.org/article/dc3008f9b1a5435a8d96e4f7f5a2df55 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Canadian Archipelago Greenland Phytoplankton |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Canadian Archipelago Greenland Phytoplankton |
op_source |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2019) |
op_relation |
2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.357 https://doaj.org/article/dc3008f9b1a5435a8d96e4f7f5a2df55 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
7 |
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1766317418478567424 |