Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard
Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted mea...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 2023-05-15T18:29:45+02:00 Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot 2010-12-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 1994-0416 1994-0424 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 593-604 (2010) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2010 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 2023-01-22T19:27:43Z Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted measurements for long periods with hourly temporal resolution. We present the system and illustrate its functioning using data from 9 GPS receivers deployed on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, for the period 2006–2009. The accuracy of the receivers is 1.62 m based on the standard deviation in the average location of a stationary reference station (NBRef). Both the location of NBRef and the observed flow velocities agree within one standard deviation with DGPS measurements. Periodicity (6, 8, 12, 24 h) in the NBRef data is largely explained by the atmospheric, mainly ionospheric, influence on the GPS signal. A (weighed) running-average on the observed locations significantly reduces the standard deviation and removes high frequency periodicities, but also reduces the temporal resolution. Results show annual average velocities varying between 40 and 55 m yr−1 at stations on the central flow-line. On weekly to monthly time-scales we observe a peak in the flow velocities (from 60 to 90 m yr−1) at the beginning of July related to increased melt-rates. No significant lag is observed between the timing of the maximum speed between different stations. This is likely due to the limited temporal resolution after averaging in combination with the relatively small distance (max. ±13 km) between the stations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Svalbard The Cryosphere Unknown Nordenskiöldbreen ENVELOPE(17.166,17.166,78.676,78.676) Svalbard The Cryosphere 4 4 593 604 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
geo envir |
spellingShingle |
geo envir M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted measurements for long periods with hourly temporal resolution. We present the system and illustrate its functioning using data from 9 GPS receivers deployed on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, for the period 2006–2009. The accuracy of the receivers is 1.62 m based on the standard deviation in the average location of a stationary reference station (NBRef). Both the location of NBRef and the observed flow velocities agree within one standard deviation with DGPS measurements. Periodicity (6, 8, 12, 24 h) in the NBRef data is largely explained by the atmospheric, mainly ionospheric, influence on the GPS signal. A (weighed) running-average on the observed locations significantly reduces the standard deviation and removes high frequency periodicities, but also reduces the temporal resolution. Results show annual average velocities varying between 40 and 55 m yr−1 at stations on the central flow-line. On weekly to monthly time-scales we observe a peak in the flow velocities (from 60 to 90 m yr−1) at the beginning of July related to increased melt-rates. No significant lag is observed between the timing of the maximum speed between different stations. This is likely due to the limited temporal resolution after averaging in combination with the relatively small distance (max. ±13 km) between the stations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot |
author_facet |
M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot |
author_sort |
M. A. G. den Ouden |
title |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_short |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_full |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_sort |
stand-alone single-frequency gps ice velocity observations on nordenskiöldbreen, svalbard |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(17.166,17.166,78.676,78.676) |
geographic |
Nordenskiöldbreen Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Nordenskiöldbreen Svalbard |
genre |
Svalbard The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Svalbard The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 593-604 (2010) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 1994-0416 1994-0424 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
593 |
op_container_end_page |
604 |
_version_ |
1766213096640086016 |