Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet
Understanding the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies on the surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is fundamental for improving estimates of its current and future contributions to sea level rise. Here, we show, using a combination of remote sensing observations, regional clim...
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:ca2f9ca80f0b4850bd9c4f1465d63faa 2023-05-15T16:26:38+02:00 Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet M. Tedesco X. Fettweis 2020-04-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1209-2020 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/1209/2020/tc-14-1209-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/ca2f9ca80f0b4850bd9c4f1465d63faa en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-14-1209-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/1209/2020/tc-14-1209-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/ca2f9ca80f0b4850bd9c4f1465d63faa undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 1209-1223 (2020) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1209-2020 2023-01-22T17:08:47Z Understanding the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies on the surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is fundamental for improving estimates of its current and future contributions to sea level rise. Here, we show, using a combination of remote sensing observations, regional climate model outputs, reanalysis data, and artificial neural networks, that unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) occurring in the summer of 2019 over Greenland promoted new record or close-to-record values of surface mass balance (SMB), runoff, and snowfall. Specifically, runoff in 2019 ranked second within the 1948–2019 period (after 2012) and first in terms of surface mass balance negative anomaly for the hydrological year 1 September 2018–31 August 2019. The summer of 2019 was characterized by an exceptional persistence of anticyclonic conditions that, in conjunction with low albedo associated with reduced snowfall in summer, enhanced the melt–albedo feedback by promoting the absorption of solar radiation and favored advection of warm, moist air along the western portion of the ice sheet towards the north, where the surface melt has been the highest since 1948. The analysis of the frequency of daily 500 hPa geopotential heights obtained from artificial neural networks shows that the total number of days with the five most frequent atmospheric patterns that characterized the summer of 2019 was 5 standard deviations above the 1981–2010 mean, confirming the exceptional nature of the 2019 season over Greenland. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere Unknown Greenland The Cryosphere 14 4 1209 1223 |
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geo envir M. Tedesco X. Fettweis Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
Understanding the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies on the surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is fundamental for improving estimates of its current and future contributions to sea level rise. Here, we show, using a combination of remote sensing observations, regional climate model outputs, reanalysis data, and artificial neural networks, that unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) occurring in the summer of 2019 over Greenland promoted new record or close-to-record values of surface mass balance (SMB), runoff, and snowfall. Specifically, runoff in 2019 ranked second within the 1948–2019 period (after 2012) and first in terms of surface mass balance negative anomaly for the hydrological year 1 September 2018–31 August 2019. The summer of 2019 was characterized by an exceptional persistence of anticyclonic conditions that, in conjunction with low albedo associated with reduced snowfall in summer, enhanced the melt–albedo feedback by promoting the absorption of solar radiation and favored advection of warm, moist air along the western portion of the ice sheet towards the north, where the surface melt has been the highest since 1948. The analysis of the frequency of daily 500 hPa geopotential heights obtained from artificial neural networks shows that the total number of days with the five most frequent atmospheric patterns that characterized the summer of 2019 was 5 standard deviations above the 1981–2010 mean, confirming the exceptional nature of the 2019 season over Greenland. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Tedesco X. Fettweis |
author_facet |
M. Tedesco X. Fettweis |
author_sort |
M. Tedesco |
title |
Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet |
title_short |
Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet |
title_full |
Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet |
title_fullStr |
Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the Greenland ice sheet |
title_sort |
unprecedented atmospheric conditions (1948–2019) drive the 2019 exceptional melting season over the greenland ice sheet |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1209-2020 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/1209/2020/tc-14-1209-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/ca2f9ca80f0b4850bd9c4f1465d63faa |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 1209-1223 (2020) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-14-1209-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/1209/2020/tc-14-1209-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/ca2f9ca80f0b4850bd9c4f1465d63faa |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1209-2020 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1209 |
op_container_end_page |
1223 |
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