Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks
Using the analytical model presented in Part 1 of this two-part paper, a new conceptual understanding of anticrack nucleation in weak layers is proposed. To obtain a sufficient condition for onset of failure, two necessary conditions must be satisfied simultaneously: (i) the weak layer must be overl...
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2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/131/2020/tc-14-131-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c52ea981d55c4a2ea61351f44e23a3c2 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:c52ea981d55c4a2ea61351f44e23a3c2 2023-05-15T18:32:16+02:00 Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks P. L. Rosendahl P. Weißgraeber 2020-01-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/131/2020/tc-14-131-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c52ea981d55c4a2ea61351f44e23a3c2 en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/131/2020/tc-14-131-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c52ea981d55c4a2ea61351f44e23a3c2 undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 131-145 (2020) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 2023-01-22T19:35:03Z Using the analytical model presented in Part 1 of this two-part paper, a new conceptual understanding of anticrack nucleation in weak layers is proposed. To obtain a sufficient condition for onset of failure, two necessary conditions must be satisfied simultaneously: (i) the weak layer must be overloaded in terms of stress and (ii) the initiating crack must release enough energy for the formation of new surfaces. This so-called coupled criterion was proposed by Leguillon (2002). No assumptions on initial defects within the weak layer are needed. Instead, the failure criterion provides both critical loading and the size of initiating cracks. It only requires the fundamental material properties strength and fracture toughness as inputs. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation are covered by a single criterion containing both a strength-of-materials and a fracture mechanics condition. Analyses of skier-loaded snowpacks show the impact of slab thickness and slope angle on critical loading and crack initiation length. In the limit cases of very thick slabs and very steep slopes, we obtain natural avalanche release. A discussion of different mixed-mode stress and energy criteria reveals that a wrong choice of mixed-mode hypotheses can yield unphysical results. The effect of material parameters such as density and compliance on weak-layer collapse is illustrated. The framework presented in this two-part series harnesses the efficiency of closed-form solutions to provide fast and physically sound predictions of critical snowpack loads using a new conceptual understanding of mixed-mode weak-layer failure. It emphasized the importance of both stress and energy in avalanche release. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Unknown The Cryosphere 14 1 131 145 |
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geo envir P. L. Rosendahl P. Weißgraeber Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
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description |
Using the analytical model presented in Part 1 of this two-part paper, a new conceptual understanding of anticrack nucleation in weak layers is proposed. To obtain a sufficient condition for onset of failure, two necessary conditions must be satisfied simultaneously: (i) the weak layer must be overloaded in terms of stress and (ii) the initiating crack must release enough energy for the formation of new surfaces. This so-called coupled criterion was proposed by Leguillon (2002). No assumptions on initial defects within the weak layer are needed. Instead, the failure criterion provides both critical loading and the size of initiating cracks. It only requires the fundamental material properties strength and fracture toughness as inputs. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation are covered by a single criterion containing both a strength-of-materials and a fracture mechanics condition. Analyses of skier-loaded snowpacks show the impact of slab thickness and slope angle on critical loading and crack initiation length. In the limit cases of very thick slabs and very steep slopes, we obtain natural avalanche release. A discussion of different mixed-mode stress and energy criteria reveals that a wrong choice of mixed-mode hypotheses can yield unphysical results. The effect of material parameters such as density and compliance on weak-layer collapse is illustrated. The framework presented in this two-part series harnesses the efficiency of closed-form solutions to provide fast and physically sound predictions of critical snowpack loads using a new conceptual understanding of mixed-mode weak-layer failure. It emphasized the importance of both stress and energy in avalanche release. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
P. L. Rosendahl P. Weißgraeber |
author_facet |
P. L. Rosendahl P. Weißgraeber |
author_sort |
P. L. Rosendahl |
title |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
title_short |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
title_full |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
title_fullStr |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
title_sort |
modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – part 2: coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/131/2020/tc-14-131-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c52ea981d55c4a2ea61351f44e23a3c2 |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 131-145 (2020) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/14/131/2020/tc-14-131-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c52ea981d55c4a2ea61351f44e23a3c2 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
131 |
op_container_end_page |
145 |
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1766216375023435776 |