Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2011
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 2023-05-15T13:59:02+02:00 Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson 2011-03-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 1994-0416 1994-0424 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 187-201 (2011) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2011 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 2023-01-22T19:28:35Z To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region. On the local scale, day-to-day temporal variability dominated the standard deviation of snow temperature, while the diurnal cycle was of second significance, and horizontal variability on the scale of 0.4 to 10 m was least important. In the uppermost 0.2 m, the snow temperature was correlated with the air temperature over the previous 6–12 h, whereas at the depths of 0.3 to 0.5 m the most important time scale was 3 days. Cloud cover and radiative fluxes affected the snow temperature in the uppermost 0.30 m and the snow density in the uppermost 0.10 m. Both on the intra-pit and transect scales, the ratio of horizontal to temporal variability increased with depth. The horizontal standard deviation of snow density increased rapidly between the scales of 0.4 and 2 m, and more gradually from 10 to 100 m. Inter-annual variations in snow temperature and density were due to inter-annual differences in air temperature and the timing of the precipitation events. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere Unknown Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere 5 1 187 201 |
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language |
English |
topic |
geo envir |
spellingShingle |
geo envir T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region. On the local scale, day-to-day temporal variability dominated the standard deviation of snow temperature, while the diurnal cycle was of second significance, and horizontal variability on the scale of 0.4 to 10 m was least important. In the uppermost 0.2 m, the snow temperature was correlated with the air temperature over the previous 6–12 h, whereas at the depths of 0.3 to 0.5 m the most important time scale was 3 days. Cloud cover and radiative fluxes affected the snow temperature in the uppermost 0.30 m and the snow density in the uppermost 0.10 m. Both on the intra-pit and transect scales, the ratio of horizontal to temporal variability increased with depth. The horizontal standard deviation of snow density increased rapidly between the scales of 0.4 and 2 m, and more gradually from 10 to 100 m. Inter-annual variations in snow temperature and density were due to inter-annual differences in air temperature and the timing of the precipitation events. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson |
author_facet |
T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson |
author_sort |
T. Vihma |
title |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_short |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_full |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_sort |
spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in dronning maud land, antarctica |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 |
geographic |
Dronning Maud Land |
geographic_facet |
Dronning Maud Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 187-201 (2011) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 1994-0416 1994-0424 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
187 |
op_container_end_page |
201 |
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1766267400148221952 |