The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater
As seawater circulates through the global ocean, its relative composition undergoes small variations. This results in changes to the conductivity/salinity/density relationship, which is currently well-defined only for Standard Seawater obtained from a particular area in the North Atlantic. These cha...
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Copernicus Publications
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:b1f9c7f9a5c5407c928de466648c7ed3 2023-05-15T17:34:06+02:00 The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater R. Pawlowicz D. G. Wright F. J. Millero 2011-06-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-363-2011 http://www.ocean-sci.net/7/363/2011/os-7-363-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/b1f9c7f9a5c5407c928de466648c7ed3 en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/os-7-363-2011 1812-0784 1812-0792 http://www.ocean-sci.net/7/363/2011/os-7-363-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/b1f9c7f9a5c5407c928de466648c7ed3 undefined Ocean Science, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 363-387 (2011) envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2011 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-363-2011 2023-01-22T19:28:40Z As seawater circulates through the global ocean, its relative composition undergoes small variations. This results in changes to the conductivity/salinity/density relationship, which is currently well-defined only for Standard Seawater obtained from a particular area in the North Atlantic. These changes are investigated here by analysis of laboratory experiments in which salts are added to seawater, by analysis of oceanic observations of density and composition anomalies, and by mathematical investigation using a model relating composition, conductivity, and density of arbitrary seawaters. Mathematical analysis shows that understanding and describing the effect of changes in relative composition on operational estimates of salinity using the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and on density using an equation of state for Standard Seawater require the use of a number of different salinity variables and a family of haline contraction coefficients. These salinity variables include an absolute Salinity SAsoln, a density salinity SAdens, the reference salinity SR, and an added-mass salinity SAadd. In addition, a new salinity variable S∗ is defined, which represents the preformed salinity of a Standard Seawater component of real seawater to which biogeochemical processes add material. In spite of this complexity, observed correlations between different ocean biogeochemical processes allow the creation of simple formulas that can be used to convert between the different salinity and density measures, allowing for the operational reduction of routine oceanographic observations. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Unknown Ocean Science 7 3 363 387 |
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envir geo R. Pawlowicz D. G. Wright F. J. Millero The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
topic_facet |
envir geo |
description |
As seawater circulates through the global ocean, its relative composition undergoes small variations. This results in changes to the conductivity/salinity/density relationship, which is currently well-defined only for Standard Seawater obtained from a particular area in the North Atlantic. These changes are investigated here by analysis of laboratory experiments in which salts are added to seawater, by analysis of oceanic observations of density and composition anomalies, and by mathematical investigation using a model relating composition, conductivity, and density of arbitrary seawaters. Mathematical analysis shows that understanding and describing the effect of changes in relative composition on operational estimates of salinity using the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and on density using an equation of state for Standard Seawater require the use of a number of different salinity variables and a family of haline contraction coefficients. These salinity variables include an absolute Salinity SAsoln, a density salinity SAdens, the reference salinity SR, and an added-mass salinity SAadd. In addition, a new salinity variable S∗ is defined, which represents the preformed salinity of a Standard Seawater component of real seawater to which biogeochemical processes add material. In spite of this complexity, observed correlations between different ocean biogeochemical processes allow the creation of simple formulas that can be used to convert between the different salinity and density measures, allowing for the operational reduction of routine oceanographic observations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
R. Pawlowicz D. G. Wright F. J. Millero |
author_facet |
R. Pawlowicz D. G. Wright F. J. Millero |
author_sort |
R. Pawlowicz |
title |
The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
title_short |
The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
title_full |
The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
title_fullStr |
The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
title_sort |
effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-363-2011 http://www.ocean-sci.net/7/363/2011/os-7-363-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/b1f9c7f9a5c5407c928de466648c7ed3 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 363-387 (2011) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/os-7-363-2011 1812-0784 1812-0792 http://www.ocean-sci.net/7/363/2011/os-7-363-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/article/b1f9c7f9a5c5407c928de466648c7ed3 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-363-2011 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
363 |
op_container_end_page |
387 |
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1766132830576836608 |