Intraseasonal Drivers of the 2018 Drought Over São Paulo, Brazil

• Published in: Frontiers in Climate
• Main Authors: Luiz Felippe Gozzo, Anita Drumond, Luana Albertani Pampuch, Tércio Ambrizzi, Natália Machado Crespo, Michelle Simões Reboita, Anderson Augusto Bier, Camila Bertoletti Carpenedo, Paola Gimenes Bueno, Henri Rossi Pinheiro, Maria de Souza Custodio, Cassia Akemi Castro Kuki, Ana Carolina Nóbile Tomaziello, Helber Barros Gomes, Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha, Caio A. S. Coelho, Raíssa de Matos Pimentel
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
• Subjects: drought; SPI; São Paulo; intraseasonal oscillations; teleconnection; envir; geo; Antarctic; Pacific; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.852824; https://doaj.org/article/ae6124a55d854c4ba63ec6e0b1d73042

Dry conditions occurred over São Paulo state (southeastern Brazil) from February to July 2018, causing the driest semester in 35 years. Socioeconomic impacts included a record number of fire spots, most adverse conditions to pollutant dispersion in 3 years and the winter's lowest water reservoirs stored volume in 17 years. This paper discusses climate drivers to the onset and persistence of the dry conditions, with special attention to the intraseasonal forcing. Barotropic atmospheric circulations forced by the intraseasonal Pacific-South America teleconnection pattern, embedded in the lower frequency setup of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, were identified as main large-scale forcings to reduce precipitation. Drought evolution was modulated by other intraseasonal drivers such as the Madden Julian, Antarctic and 10–30 days Oscillations. A break in the 6-month dry condition, in March 2018, highlighted the important role of such oscillations in determining precipitation anomalies over SP. Results show that intraseasonal phenomena and their interactions control drought characteristics such as magnitude, persistence and spatial distribution within a setup determined by lower-frequency oscillations. The intraseasonal timescale seems to be key and must be considered for a complete description and understanding of the complex drought evolution process in São Paulo.