Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes
The growth of frazil or granular ice is an important mode of ice formation in the cryosphere. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the microphysical processes that control the rate of ice-crystal growth when water is cooled beneath its freezing temperature. These advances suggest that...
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Copernicus Publications
2018
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:adb59c04c6b6412e8fbe29534903f10a 2023-05-15T16:41:52+02:00 Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes D. W. Rees Jones A. J. Wells 2018-01-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-25-2018 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/25/2018/tc-12-25-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/article/adb59c04c6b6412e8fbe29534903f10a en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-12-25-2018 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/25/2018/tc-12-25-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/article/adb59c04c6b6412e8fbe29534903f10a undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 25-38 (2018) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2018 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-25-2018 2023-01-22T18:10:35Z The growth of frazil or granular ice is an important mode of ice formation in the cryosphere. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the microphysical processes that control the rate of ice-crystal growth when water is cooled beneath its freezing temperature. These advances suggest that crystals grow much faster than previously thought. In this paper, we consider models of a population of ice crystals with different sizes to provide insight into the treatment of frazil ice in large-scale models. We consider the role of crystal growth alongside the other physical processes that determine the dynamics of frazil ice. We apply our model to a simple mixed layer (such as at the surface of the ocean) and to a buoyant plume under a floating ice shelf. We provide numerical calculations and scaling arguments to predict the occurrence of frazil-ice explosions, which we show are controlled by crystal growth, nucleation, and gravitational removal. Faster crystal growth, higher secondary nucleation, and slower gravitational removal make frazil-ice explosions more likely. We identify steady-state crystal size distributions, which are largely insensitive to crystal growth rate but are affected by the relative importance of secondary nucleation to gravitational removal. Finally, we show that the fate of plumes underneath ice shelves is dramatically affected by frazil-ice dynamics. Differences in the parameterization of crystal growth and nucleation give rise to radically different predictions of basal accretion and plume dynamics, and can even impact whether a plume reaches the end of the ice shelf or intrudes at depth. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Shelf Ice Shelves The Cryosphere Unknown The Cryosphere 12 1 25 38 |
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geo envir D. W. Rees Jones A. J. Wells Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
The growth of frazil or granular ice is an important mode of ice formation in the cryosphere. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the microphysical processes that control the rate of ice-crystal growth when water is cooled beneath its freezing temperature. These advances suggest that crystals grow much faster than previously thought. In this paper, we consider models of a population of ice crystals with different sizes to provide insight into the treatment of frazil ice in large-scale models. We consider the role of crystal growth alongside the other physical processes that determine the dynamics of frazil ice. We apply our model to a simple mixed layer (such as at the surface of the ocean) and to a buoyant plume under a floating ice shelf. We provide numerical calculations and scaling arguments to predict the occurrence of frazil-ice explosions, which we show are controlled by crystal growth, nucleation, and gravitational removal. Faster crystal growth, higher secondary nucleation, and slower gravitational removal make frazil-ice explosions more likely. We identify steady-state crystal size distributions, which are largely insensitive to crystal growth rate but are affected by the relative importance of secondary nucleation to gravitational removal. Finally, we show that the fate of plumes underneath ice shelves is dramatically affected by frazil-ice dynamics. Differences in the parameterization of crystal growth and nucleation give rise to radically different predictions of basal accretion and plume dynamics, and can even impact whether a plume reaches the end of the ice shelf or intrudes at depth. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
D. W. Rees Jones A. J. Wells |
author_facet |
D. W. Rees Jones A. J. Wells |
author_sort |
D. W. Rees Jones |
title |
Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
title_short |
Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
title_full |
Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
title_fullStr |
Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
title_sort |
frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-25-2018 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/25/2018/tc-12-25-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/article/adb59c04c6b6412e8fbe29534903f10a |
genre |
Ice Shelf Ice Shelves The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Ice Shelf Ice Shelves The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 25-38 (2018) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-12-25-2018 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/25/2018/tc-12-25-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/article/adb59c04c6b6412e8fbe29534903f10a |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-25-2018 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
25 |
op_container_end_page |
38 |
_version_ |
1766032333174996992 |