GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet
Observations and models agree that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has decreased since the end of the 1990s due to an increase in meltwater runoff and that this trend will accelerate in the future. However, large uncertainties remain, partly due to different approaches for...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3935/2020/tc-14-3935-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/a6eaddd9481f44e4ba65dc8723f8bbd0 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:a6eaddd9481f44e4ba65dc8723f8bbd0 2023-05-15T16:28:43+02:00 GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet X. Fettweis S. Hofer U. Krebs-Kanzow C. Amory T. Aoki C. J. Berends A. Born J. E. Box A. Delhasse K. Fujita P. Gierz H. Goelzer E. Hanna A. Hashimoto P. Huybrechts M.-L. Kapsch M. D. King C. Kittel C. Lang P. L. Langen J. T. M. Lenaerts G. E. Liston G. Lohmann S. H. Mernild U. Mikolajewicz K. Modali R. H. Mottram M. Niwano B. Noël J. C. Ryan A. Smith J. Streffing M. Tedesco W. J. van de Berg M. van den Broeke R. S. W. van de Wal L. van Kampenhout D. Wilton B. Wouters F. Ziemen T. Zolles 2020-11-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3935/2020/tc-14-3935-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/a6eaddd9481f44e4ba65dc8723f8bbd0 en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3935/2020/tc-14-3935-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/a6eaddd9481f44e4ba65dc8723f8bbd0 undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 3935-3958 (2020) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 2023-01-22T19:07:51Z Observations and models agree that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has decreased since the end of the 1990s due to an increase in meltwater runoff and that this trend will accelerate in the future. However, large uncertainties remain, partly due to different approaches for modelling the GrIS SMB, which have to weigh physical complexity or low computing time, different spatial and temporal resolutions, different forcing fields, and different ice sheet topographies and extents, which collectively make an inter-comparison difficult. Our GrIS SMB model intercomparison project (GrSMBMIP) aims to refine these uncertainties by intercomparing 13 models of four types which were forced with the same ERA-Interim reanalysis forcing fields, except for two global models. We interpolate all modelled SMB fields onto a common ice sheet mask at 1 km horizontal resolution for the period 1980–2012 and score the outputs against (1) SMB estimates from a combination of gravimetric remote sensing data from GRACE and measured ice discharge; (2) ice cores, snow pits and in situ SMB observations; and (3) remotely sensed bare ice extent from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Spatially, the largest spread among models can be found around the margins of the ice sheet, highlighting model deficiencies in an accurate representation of the GrIS ablation zone extent and processes related to surface melt and runoff. Overall, polar regional climate models (RCMs) perform the best compared to observations, in particular for simulating precipitation patterns. However, other simpler and faster models have biases of the same order as RCMs compared with observations and therefore remain useful tools for long-term simulations or coupling with ice sheet models. Finally, it is interesting to note that the ensemble mean of the 13 models produces the best estimate of the present-day SMB relative to observations, suggesting that biases are not systematic among models and that this ensemble estimate can be used as ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere Unknown Greenland The Cryosphere 14 11 3935 3958 |
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op_collection_id |
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language |
English |
topic |
geo envir |
spellingShingle |
geo envir X. Fettweis S. Hofer U. Krebs-Kanzow C. Amory T. Aoki C. J. Berends A. Born J. E. Box A. Delhasse K. Fujita P. Gierz H. Goelzer E. Hanna A. Hashimoto P. Huybrechts M.-L. Kapsch M. D. King C. Kittel C. Lang P. L. Langen J. T. M. Lenaerts G. E. Liston G. Lohmann S. H. Mernild U. Mikolajewicz K. Modali R. H. Mottram M. Niwano B. Noël J. C. Ryan A. Smith J. Streffing M. Tedesco W. J. van de Berg M. van den Broeke R. S. W. van de Wal L. van Kampenhout D. Wilton B. Wouters F. Ziemen T. Zolles GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
Observations and models agree that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has decreased since the end of the 1990s due to an increase in meltwater runoff and that this trend will accelerate in the future. However, large uncertainties remain, partly due to different approaches for modelling the GrIS SMB, which have to weigh physical complexity or low computing time, different spatial and temporal resolutions, different forcing fields, and different ice sheet topographies and extents, which collectively make an inter-comparison difficult. Our GrIS SMB model intercomparison project (GrSMBMIP) aims to refine these uncertainties by intercomparing 13 models of four types which were forced with the same ERA-Interim reanalysis forcing fields, except for two global models. We interpolate all modelled SMB fields onto a common ice sheet mask at 1 km horizontal resolution for the period 1980–2012 and score the outputs against (1) SMB estimates from a combination of gravimetric remote sensing data from GRACE and measured ice discharge; (2) ice cores, snow pits and in situ SMB observations; and (3) remotely sensed bare ice extent from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Spatially, the largest spread among models can be found around the margins of the ice sheet, highlighting model deficiencies in an accurate representation of the GrIS ablation zone extent and processes related to surface melt and runoff. Overall, polar regional climate models (RCMs) perform the best compared to observations, in particular for simulating precipitation patterns. However, other simpler and faster models have biases of the same order as RCMs compared with observations and therefore remain useful tools for long-term simulations or coupling with ice sheet models. Finally, it is interesting to note that the ensemble mean of the 13 models produces the best estimate of the present-day SMB relative to observations, suggesting that biases are not systematic among models and that this ensemble estimate can be used as ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
X. Fettweis S. Hofer U. Krebs-Kanzow C. Amory T. Aoki C. J. Berends A. Born J. E. Box A. Delhasse K. Fujita P. Gierz H. Goelzer E. Hanna A. Hashimoto P. Huybrechts M.-L. Kapsch M. D. King C. Kittel C. Lang P. L. Langen J. T. M. Lenaerts G. E. Liston G. Lohmann S. H. Mernild U. Mikolajewicz K. Modali R. H. Mottram M. Niwano B. Noël J. C. Ryan A. Smith J. Streffing M. Tedesco W. J. van de Berg M. van den Broeke R. S. W. van de Wal L. van Kampenhout D. Wilton B. Wouters F. Ziemen T. Zolles |
author_facet |
X. Fettweis S. Hofer U. Krebs-Kanzow C. Amory T. Aoki C. J. Berends A. Born J. E. Box A. Delhasse K. Fujita P. Gierz H. Goelzer E. Hanna A. Hashimoto P. Huybrechts M.-L. Kapsch M. D. King C. Kittel C. Lang P. L. Langen J. T. M. Lenaerts G. E. Liston G. Lohmann S. H. Mernild U. Mikolajewicz K. Modali R. H. Mottram M. Niwano B. Noël J. C. Ryan A. Smith J. Streffing M. Tedesco W. J. van de Berg M. van den Broeke R. S. W. van de Wal L. van Kampenhout D. Wilton B. Wouters F. Ziemen T. Zolles |
author_sort |
X. Fettweis |
title |
GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_short |
GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_full |
GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_fullStr |
GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_full_unstemmed |
GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_sort |
grsmbmip: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the greenland ice sheet |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3935/2020/tc-14-3935-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/a6eaddd9481f44e4ba65dc8723f8bbd0 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 3935-3958 (2020) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3935/2020/tc-14-3935-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/a6eaddd9481f44e4ba65dc8723f8bbd0 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020 |
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The Cryosphere |
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14 |
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3935 |
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