Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model
With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1015/2017/tc-11-1015-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/article/97ee58d7e72943269037c1ce596bf242 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:97ee58d7e72943269037c1ce596bf242 2023-05-15T16:26:37+02:00 Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model X. Fettweis J. E. Box C. Agosta C. Amory C. Kittel C. Lang D. van As H. Machguth H. Gallée 2017-04-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1015/2017/tc-11-1015-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/article/97ee58d7e72943269037c1ce596bf242 en eng Copernicus Publications 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1015/2017/tc-11-1015-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/article/97ee58d7e72943269037c1ce596bf242 undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 1015-1033 (2017) envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2017 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 2023-01-22T19:12:38Z With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP–NCARv1 (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis version 1; 1948–2015), NCEP–NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis; 1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2; 1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalyses. While all these forcing products are reanalyses that are assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR-simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) was, for example, needed at the MAR boundaries with ERA-20C (20CRv2) reanalysis, given that ERA-20C (20CRv2) is ∼ 1 °C colder (warmer) than ERA-Interim over Greenland during the period 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) near-surface observations support these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements, ice cores and satellite-derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing datasets for the simulation of the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR, suggesting that some improvements are still needed in its cloudiness and radiative schemes as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all MAR simulations indicate that (i) the period 1961–1990, commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics, is actually a period of anomalously positive SMB (∼ +40 Gt yr−1) compared to 1900–2010; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120-year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2-forced MAR simulations suggest a ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere Unknown Greenland The Cryosphere 11 2 1015 1033 |
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Open Polar |
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fttriple |
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English |
topic |
envir geo |
spellingShingle |
envir geo X. Fettweis J. E. Box C. Agosta C. Amory C. Kittel C. Lang D. van As H. Machguth H. Gallée Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model |
topic_facet |
envir geo |
description |
With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP–NCARv1 (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis version 1; 1948–2015), NCEP–NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis; 1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2; 1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalyses. While all these forcing products are reanalyses that are assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR-simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) was, for example, needed at the MAR boundaries with ERA-20C (20CRv2) reanalysis, given that ERA-20C (20CRv2) is ∼ 1 °C colder (warmer) than ERA-Interim over Greenland during the period 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) near-surface observations support these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements, ice cores and satellite-derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing datasets for the simulation of the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR, suggesting that some improvements are still needed in its cloudiness and radiative schemes as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all MAR simulations indicate that (i) the period 1961–1990, commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics, is actually a period of anomalously positive SMB (∼ +40 Gt yr−1) compared to 1900–2010; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120-year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2-forced MAR simulations suggest a ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
X. Fettweis J. E. Box C. Agosta C. Amory C. Kittel C. Lang D. van As H. Machguth H. Gallée |
author_facet |
X. Fettweis J. E. Box C. Agosta C. Amory C. Kittel C. Lang D. van As H. Machguth H. Gallée |
author_sort |
X. Fettweis |
title |
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model |
title_short |
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model |
title_full |
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model |
title_fullStr |
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model |
title_sort |
reconstructions of the 1900–2015 greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate mar model |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1015/2017/tc-11-1015-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/article/97ee58d7e72943269037c1ce596bf242 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 1015-1033 (2017) |
op_relation |
1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1015/2017/tc-11-1015-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/article/97ee58d7e72943269037c1ce596bf242 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1015 |
op_container_end_page |
1033 |
_version_ |
1766015547544174592 |