Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), atmospheric CO2 was around 90 ppmv lower than during the pre-industrial period. The reasons for this decrease are most often elucidated through factorial experiments testing the impact of individual mechanisms. Due to uncertainty in our understanding of the rea...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 https://www.clim-past.net/15/1039/2019/cp-15-1039-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/article/95b519f6404a4d949cc867bc2149592c |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:95b519f6404a4d949cc867bc2149592c 2023-05-15T13:51:47+02:00 Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets K. M. S. Kemppinen P. B. Holden N. R. Edwards A. Ridgwell A. D. Friend 2019-06-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 https://www.clim-past.net/15/1039/2019/cp-15-1039-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/article/95b519f6404a4d949cc867bc2149592c en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://www.clim-past.net/15/1039/2019/cp-15-1039-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/article/95b519f6404a4d949cc867bc2149592c undefined Climate of the Past, Vol 15, Pp 1039-1062 (2019) envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2019 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 2023-01-22T17:51:33Z During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), atmospheric CO2 was around 90 ppmv lower than during the pre-industrial period. The reasons for this decrease are most often elucidated through factorial experiments testing the impact of individual mechanisms. Due to uncertainty in our understanding of the real system, however, the different models used to conduct the experiments inevitably take on different parameter values and different structures. In this paper, the objective is therefore to take an uncertainty-based approach to investigating the LGM CO2 drop by simulating it with a large ensemble of parameter sets, designed to allow for a wide range of large-scale feedback response strengths. Our aim is not to definitely explain the causes of the CO2 drop but rather explore the range of possible responses. We find that the LGM CO2 decrease tends to predominantly be associated with decreasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), increasing sea ice area, a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a strengthening of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) cell in the Atlantic Ocean, a decreasing ocean biological productivity, an increasing CaCO3 weathering flux and an increasing deep-sea CaCO3 burial flux. The majority of our simulations also predict an increase in terrestrial carbon, coupled with a decrease in ocean and increase in lithospheric carbon. We attribute the increase in terrestrial carbon to a slower soil respiration rate, as well as the preservation rather than destruction of carbon by the LGM ice sheets. An initial comparison of these dominant changes with observations and paleoproxies other than carbon isotope and oxygen data (not evaluated directly in this study) suggests broad agreement. However, we advise more detailed comparisons in the future, and also note that, conceptually at least, our results can only be reconciled with carbon isotope and oxygen data if additional processes not included in our model are brought into play. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Unknown Antarctic The Antarctic Climate of the Past 15 3 1039 1062 |
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envir geo K. M. S. Kemppinen P. B. Holden N. R. Edwards A. Ridgwell A. D. Friend Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
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envir geo |
description |
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), atmospheric CO2 was around 90 ppmv lower than during the pre-industrial period. The reasons for this decrease are most often elucidated through factorial experiments testing the impact of individual mechanisms. Due to uncertainty in our understanding of the real system, however, the different models used to conduct the experiments inevitably take on different parameter values and different structures. In this paper, the objective is therefore to take an uncertainty-based approach to investigating the LGM CO2 drop by simulating it with a large ensemble of parameter sets, designed to allow for a wide range of large-scale feedback response strengths. Our aim is not to definitely explain the causes of the CO2 drop but rather explore the range of possible responses. We find that the LGM CO2 decrease tends to predominantly be associated with decreasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), increasing sea ice area, a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a strengthening of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) cell in the Atlantic Ocean, a decreasing ocean biological productivity, an increasing CaCO3 weathering flux and an increasing deep-sea CaCO3 burial flux. The majority of our simulations also predict an increase in terrestrial carbon, coupled with a decrease in ocean and increase in lithospheric carbon. We attribute the increase in terrestrial carbon to a slower soil respiration rate, as well as the preservation rather than destruction of carbon by the LGM ice sheets. An initial comparison of these dominant changes with observations and paleoproxies other than carbon isotope and oxygen data (not evaluated directly in this study) suggests broad agreement. However, we advise more detailed comparisons in the future, and also note that, conceptually at least, our results can only be reconciled with carbon isotope and oxygen data if additional processes not included in our model are brought into play. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. M. S. Kemppinen P. B. Holden N. R. Edwards A. Ridgwell A. D. Friend |
author_facet |
K. M. S. Kemppinen P. B. Holden N. R. Edwards A. Ridgwell A. D. Friend |
author_sort |
K. M. S. Kemppinen |
title |
Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
title_short |
Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
title_full |
Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
title_fullStr |
Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
title_sort |
coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the last glacial maximum atmospheric co2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 https://www.clim-past.net/15/1039/2019/cp-15-1039-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/article/95b519f6404a4d949cc867bc2149592c |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Climate of the Past, Vol 15, Pp 1039-1062 (2019) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://www.clim-past.net/15/1039/2019/cp-15-1039-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/article/95b519f6404a4d949cc867bc2149592c |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1039 |
op_container_end_page |
1062 |
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1766255821740572672 |