Alfred Eaton: a Victorian naturalist at the ends of the world

• Published in: Polar Research
• Main Author: C. Leah Devlin
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Norwegian Polar Institute 2022
• Subjects: svalbard; kerguelen island; entomology; 1873 benjamin leigh smith expedition; 1874 transit of venus expedition; aptery; geo; Arctic; Hooker; Indian; Kerguelen; Kerguelen Island; Lent; Southern Ocean; Svalbard; Venus; Polar Research
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.8420; https://doaj.org/article/835bfc9296dd43818b49f724373b1795

Alfred Edwin Eaton (1844–1929) was amongst numerous Victorian naturalists whose exotic collections disseminated to the natural history museums of Britain laid the groundwork for our understanding of biodiversity. What sets him apart from his contemporaries was his first-hand knowledge of organisms at the polar extremes. This paper describes Eaton’s contributions to polar biology, especially in the field of entomology, from two high-latitude expeditions: the 1873 Benjamin Leigh Smith Expedition to Svalbard in the European Arctic and the 1874 British Transit of Venus Expedition to Kerguelen Island in the southern Indian Ocean. His observations of flightless polar and subpolar insects, in particular, lent support to the work of Challenger naturalist Henry Moseley and botanist Joseph Hooker on species dispersal in the Southern Ocean and on adaptations that arise in response to the unique selection pressures in harsh, isolated conditions.