Emerging Skill in Multi-Year Prediction of the Indian Ocean Dipole

• Published in: Frontiers in Climate
• Main Authors: F. Feba, Karumuri Ashok, Matthew Collins, Satish R. Shetye
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
• Subjects: Indian Ocean (Dipole); decadal prediction; CanCM4; MIROC5; Southern Ocean; IOD and Southern Ocean; geo; envir; Indian
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.736759; https://doaj.org/article/797a9771addc474e89c781be01b1e38b

The Indian Ocean Dipole is a leading phenomenon of climate variability in the tropics, which affects the global climate. However, the best lead prediction skill for the Indian Ocean Dipole, until recently, has been limited to ~6 months before the occurrence of the event. Here, we show that multi-year prediction has made considerable advancement such that, for the first time, two general circulation models have significant prediction skills for the Indian Ocean Dipole for at least 2 years after initialization. This skill is present despite ENSO having a lead prediction skill of only 1 year. Our analysis of observed/reanalyzed ocean datasets shows that the source of this multi-year predictability lies in sub-surface signals that propagate from the Southern Ocean into the Indian Ocean. Prediction skill for a prominent climate driver like the Indian Ocean Dipole has wide-ranging benefits for climate science and society.