Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a major surface water contaminant commonly caused by agricultural runoff. The purpose of this study was to assess seasonal variation in water quality parameters in Gorganrood watershed (Golestan Province, Iran). It also tried to clarify the effects of agricultural...
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:6a35117c384b42c4a50e861441bf2203 2023-05-15T15:52:55+02:00 Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran Z. Pasandidehfard A. Salman Mahini S. H. Mirkarimi M. Akbari M. Gholamalifard 2014-03-01 https://doaj.org/article/6a35117c384b42c4a50e861441bf2203 other unknown Isfahan University of Technology 2476-3128 2476-3217 https://doaj.org/article/6a35117c384b42c4a50e861441bf2203 undefined Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol 2, Iss 6, Pp 53-63 (2014) Nonpoint source pollution Water quality parameters Runoff Multivariate statistical techniques envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2014 fttriple 2023-01-22T19:28:18Z Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a major surface water contaminant commonly caused by agricultural runoff. The purpose of this study was to assess seasonal variation in water quality parameters in Gorganrood watershed (Golestan Province, Iran). It also tried to clarify the effects of agricultural practices and NPS pollution on them. Water quality parameters including potassium, sodium, pH, water flow rate, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, sulfate, bicarbonate, chlorine, magnesium, and calcium ions during 1966-2010 were evaluated using multivariate statistical techniques. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was implemented to determine the significance of differences between mean seasonal values. Discriminant analysis (DA) was also carried out to identify correlations between seasons and the water quality parameters. Parameters of water quality index were measured through principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). Based on the results of statistical tests, climate (freezing, weathering and rainfall) and human activities such as agriculture had crucial effects on water quality. The most important parameters in differentiation between seasons in descending order were potassium, pH, carbonic acid, calcium, and magnesium. According to load factor analysis, chlorine, calcium, and potassium were the most important parameters in spring and summer, indicating the application of fertilizers (especially potassium chloride fertilizer) and existence of NPS pollution during these seasons. In the next stage, the months during which crops had excessive water requirements were detected using CROPWAT software. Almost all water requirements of the area’s major crops, i.e. cotton, rice, soya, wheat, and oat, happen in the late spring until mid/late summer. According to our findings, agricultural practices had a great impact on water pollution. Results of analysis with CROPWAT software also confirmed this conclusion. Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Unknown |
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Nonpoint source pollution Water quality parameters Runoff Multivariate statistical techniques envir geo |
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Nonpoint source pollution Water quality parameters Runoff Multivariate statistical techniques envir geo Z. Pasandidehfard A. Salman Mahini S. H. Mirkarimi M. Akbari M. Gholamalifard Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran |
topic_facet |
Nonpoint source pollution Water quality parameters Runoff Multivariate statistical techniques envir geo |
description |
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a major surface water contaminant commonly caused by agricultural runoff. The purpose of this study was to assess seasonal variation in water quality parameters in Gorganrood watershed (Golestan Province, Iran). It also tried to clarify the effects of agricultural practices and NPS pollution on them. Water quality parameters including potassium, sodium, pH, water flow rate, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, sulfate, bicarbonate, chlorine, magnesium, and calcium ions during 1966-2010 were evaluated using multivariate statistical techniques. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was implemented to determine the significance of differences between mean seasonal values. Discriminant analysis (DA) was also carried out to identify correlations between seasons and the water quality parameters. Parameters of water quality index were measured through principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). Based on the results of statistical tests, climate (freezing, weathering and rainfall) and human activities such as agriculture had crucial effects on water quality. The most important parameters in differentiation between seasons in descending order were potassium, pH, carbonic acid, calcium, and magnesium. According to load factor analysis, chlorine, calcium, and potassium were the most important parameters in spring and summer, indicating the application of fertilizers (especially potassium chloride fertilizer) and existence of NPS pollution during these seasons. In the next stage, the months during which crops had excessive water requirements were detected using CROPWAT software. Almost all water requirements of the area’s major crops, i.e. cotton, rice, soya, wheat, and oat, happen in the late spring until mid/late summer. According to our findings, agricultural practices had a great impact on water pollution. Results of analysis with CROPWAT software also confirmed this conclusion. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Z. Pasandidehfard A. Salman Mahini S. H. Mirkarimi M. Akbari M. Gholamalifard |
author_facet |
Z. Pasandidehfard A. Salman Mahini S. H. Mirkarimi M. Akbari M. Gholamalifard |
author_sort |
Z. Pasandidehfard |
title |
Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran |
title_short |
Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran |
title_full |
Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran |
title_fullStr |
Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran |
title_full_unstemmed |
Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques to Assess Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran |
title_sort |
application of multivariate statistical techniques to assess seasonal variation in water quality parameters in gorganrood watershed, iran |
publisher |
Isfahan University of Technology |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/6a35117c384b42c4a50e861441bf2203 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol 2, Iss 6, Pp 53-63 (2014) |
op_relation |
2476-3128 2476-3217 https://doaj.org/article/6a35117c384b42c4a50e861441bf2203 |
op_rights |
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1766388014761639936 |