Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean
The decline of sea-ice thickness, area, and volume due to the transition from multi-year to first-year sea ice has improved the under-ice light environment for pelagic Arctic ecosystems. One unexpected and direct consequence of this transition, the proliferation of under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UI...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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BioOne
2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430 https://doaj.org/article/578fa6304a7148dbbff52e2b70866362 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:578fa6304a7148dbbff52e2b70866362 2023-05-15T14:44:29+02:00 Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean Mathieu Ardyna C. J. Mundy Matthew M. Mills Laurent Oziel Pierre-Luc Grondin Léo Lacour Gauthier Verin Gert Van Dijken Joséphine Ras Eva Alou-Font Marcel Babin Michel Gosselin Jean-Éric Tremblay Patrick Raimbault Philipp Assmy Marcel Nicolaus Hervé Claustre Kevin R. Arrigo 2020-07-01 https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430 https://doaj.org/article/578fa6304a7148dbbff52e2b70866362 en eng BioOne 2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.430 https://doaj.org/article/578fa6304a7148dbbff52e2b70866362 undefined Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2020) under-ice phytoplankton blooms biogeochemical cycles nutrients sea ice climate change arctic ocean envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430 2023-01-22T18:10:38Z The decline of sea-ice thickness, area, and volume due to the transition from multi-year to first-year sea ice has improved the under-ice light environment for pelagic Arctic ecosystems. One unexpected and direct consequence of this transition, the proliferation of under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs), challenges the paradigm that waters beneath the ice pack harbor little planktonic life. Little is known about the diversity and spatial distribution of UIBs in the Arctic Ocean, or the environmental drivers behind their timing, magnitude, and taxonomic composition. Here, we compiled a unique and comprehensive dataset from seven major research projects in the Arctic Ocean (11 expeditions, covering the spring sea-ice-covered period to summer ice-free conditions) to identify the environmental drivers responsible for initiating and shaping the magnitude and assemblage structure of UIBs. The temporal dynamics behind UIB formation are related to the ways that snow and sea-ice conditions impact the under-ice light field. In particular, the onset of snowmelt significantly increased under-ice light availability (>0.1–0.2 mol photons m–2 d–1), marking the concomitant termination of the sea-ice algal bloom and initiation of UIBs. At the pan-Arctic scale, bloom magnitude (expressed as maximum chlorophyll a concentration) was predicted best by winter water Si(OH)4 and PO43– concentrations, as well as Si(OH)4:NO3– and PO43–:NO3– drawdown ratios, but not NO3– concentration. Two main phytoplankton assemblages dominated UIBs (diatoms or Phaeocystis), driven primarily by the winter nitrate:silicate (NO3–:Si(OH)4) ratio and the under-ice light climate. Phaeocystis co-dominated in low Si(OH)4 (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)4 molar ratios >1) waters, while diatoms contributed the bulk of UIB biomass when Si(OH)4 was high (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)4 molar ratios <1). The implications of such differences in UIB composition could have important ramifications for Arctic biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately impact carbon flow to higher trophic levels ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change ice pack Phytoplankton Sea ice Unknown Arctic Arctic Ocean Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
under-ice phytoplankton blooms biogeochemical cycles nutrients sea ice climate change arctic ocean envir geo |
spellingShingle |
under-ice phytoplankton blooms biogeochemical cycles nutrients sea ice climate change arctic ocean envir geo Mathieu Ardyna C. J. Mundy Matthew M. Mills Laurent Oziel Pierre-Luc Grondin Léo Lacour Gauthier Verin Gert Van Dijken Joséphine Ras Eva Alou-Font Marcel Babin Michel Gosselin Jean-Éric Tremblay Patrick Raimbault Philipp Assmy Marcel Nicolaus Hervé Claustre Kevin R. Arrigo Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
under-ice phytoplankton blooms biogeochemical cycles nutrients sea ice climate change arctic ocean envir geo |
description |
The decline of sea-ice thickness, area, and volume due to the transition from multi-year to first-year sea ice has improved the under-ice light environment for pelagic Arctic ecosystems. One unexpected and direct consequence of this transition, the proliferation of under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs), challenges the paradigm that waters beneath the ice pack harbor little planktonic life. Little is known about the diversity and spatial distribution of UIBs in the Arctic Ocean, or the environmental drivers behind their timing, magnitude, and taxonomic composition. Here, we compiled a unique and comprehensive dataset from seven major research projects in the Arctic Ocean (11 expeditions, covering the spring sea-ice-covered period to summer ice-free conditions) to identify the environmental drivers responsible for initiating and shaping the magnitude and assemblage structure of UIBs. The temporal dynamics behind UIB formation are related to the ways that snow and sea-ice conditions impact the under-ice light field. In particular, the onset of snowmelt significantly increased under-ice light availability (>0.1–0.2 mol photons m–2 d–1), marking the concomitant termination of the sea-ice algal bloom and initiation of UIBs. At the pan-Arctic scale, bloom magnitude (expressed as maximum chlorophyll a concentration) was predicted best by winter water Si(OH)4 and PO43– concentrations, as well as Si(OH)4:NO3– and PO43–:NO3– drawdown ratios, but not NO3– concentration. Two main phytoplankton assemblages dominated UIBs (diatoms or Phaeocystis), driven primarily by the winter nitrate:silicate (NO3–:Si(OH)4) ratio and the under-ice light climate. Phaeocystis co-dominated in low Si(OH)4 (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)4 molar ratios >1) waters, while diatoms contributed the bulk of UIB biomass when Si(OH)4 was high (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)4 molar ratios <1). The implications of such differences in UIB composition could have important ramifications for Arctic biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately impact carbon flow to higher trophic levels ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mathieu Ardyna C. J. Mundy Matthew M. Mills Laurent Oziel Pierre-Luc Grondin Léo Lacour Gauthier Verin Gert Van Dijken Joséphine Ras Eva Alou-Font Marcel Babin Michel Gosselin Jean-Éric Tremblay Patrick Raimbault Philipp Assmy Marcel Nicolaus Hervé Claustre Kevin R. Arrigo |
author_facet |
Mathieu Ardyna C. J. Mundy Matthew M. Mills Laurent Oziel Pierre-Luc Grondin Léo Lacour Gauthier Verin Gert Van Dijken Joséphine Ras Eva Alou-Font Marcel Babin Michel Gosselin Jean-Éric Tremblay Patrick Raimbault Philipp Assmy Marcel Nicolaus Hervé Claustre Kevin R. Arrigo |
author_sort |
Mathieu Ardyna |
title |
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the arctic ocean |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430 https://doaj.org/article/578fa6304a7148dbbff52e2b70866362 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change ice pack Phytoplankton Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change ice pack Phytoplankton Sea ice |
op_source |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2020) |
op_relation |
2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.430 https://doaj.org/article/578fa6304a7148dbbff52e2b70866362 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766315970158133248 |