Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
In order to better understand ice deformation mechanisms, we document the microstructural evolution of ice with increasing strain. We include data from experiments at relatively low temperatures (−20 and −30 ∘C), where the microstructural evolution with axial strain has never before been documented....
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Copernicus Publications
2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3875/2020/tc-14-3875-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3cb50feea3b148cf9b620080dbd9311a |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:3cb50feea3b148cf9b620080dbd9311a 2023-05-15T18:32:19+02:00 Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C S. Fan T. F. Hager D. J. Prior A. J. Cross D. L. Goldsby C. Qi M. Negrini J. Wheeler 2020-11-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3875/2020/tc-14-3875-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3cb50feea3b148cf9b620080dbd9311a en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3875/2020/tc-14-3875-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3cb50feea3b148cf9b620080dbd9311a undefined The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 3875-3905 (2020) geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 2023-01-22T19:28:13Z In order to better understand ice deformation mechanisms, we document the microstructural evolution of ice with increasing strain. We include data from experiments at relatively low temperatures (−20 and −30 ∘C), where the microstructural evolution with axial strain has never before been documented. Polycrystalline pure water ice was deformed under a constant displacement rate (strain rate ∼1.0×10-5 s−1) to progressively higher strains (∼ 3 %, 5 %, 8 %, 12 % and 20 %) at temperatures of −10, −20 and −30 ∘C. Microstructural data were generated from cryogenic electron backscattered diffraction (cryo-EBSD) analyses. All deformed samples contain subgrain (low-angle misorientations) structures with misorientation axes that lie dominantly in the basal plane, suggesting the activity of dislocation creep (glide primarily on the basal plane), recovery and subgrain rotation. Grain boundaries are lobate in all experiments, suggesting the operation of strain-induced grain boundary migration (GBM). Deformed ice samples are characterized by interlocking big and small grains and are, on average, finer grained than undeformed samples. Misorientation analyses between nearby grains in 2-D EBSD maps are consistent with some 2-D grains being different limbs of the same irregular grain in the 3-D volume. The proportion of repeated (i.e. interconnected) grains is greater in the higher-temperature experiments suggesting that grains have more irregular shapes, probably because GBM is more widespread at higher temperatures. The number of grains per unit area (accounting for multiple occurrences of the same 3-D grain) is higher in deformed samples than undeformed samples, and it increases with strain, suggesting that nucleation is involved in recrystallization. “Core-and-mantle” structures (rings of small grains surrounding big grains) occur in −20 and −30 ∘C experiments, suggesting that subgrain rotation recrystallization is active. At temperatures warmer than −20 ∘C, c axes develop a crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) ... Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Unknown The Cryosphere 14 11 3875 3905 |
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language |
English |
topic |
geo envir |
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geo envir S. Fan T. F. Hager D. J. Prior A. J. Cross D. L. Goldsby C. Qi M. Negrini J. Wheeler Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
In order to better understand ice deformation mechanisms, we document the microstructural evolution of ice with increasing strain. We include data from experiments at relatively low temperatures (−20 and −30 ∘C), where the microstructural evolution with axial strain has never before been documented. Polycrystalline pure water ice was deformed under a constant displacement rate (strain rate ∼1.0×10-5 s−1) to progressively higher strains (∼ 3 %, 5 %, 8 %, 12 % and 20 %) at temperatures of −10, −20 and −30 ∘C. Microstructural data were generated from cryogenic electron backscattered diffraction (cryo-EBSD) analyses. All deformed samples contain subgrain (low-angle misorientations) structures with misorientation axes that lie dominantly in the basal plane, suggesting the activity of dislocation creep (glide primarily on the basal plane), recovery and subgrain rotation. Grain boundaries are lobate in all experiments, suggesting the operation of strain-induced grain boundary migration (GBM). Deformed ice samples are characterized by interlocking big and small grains and are, on average, finer grained than undeformed samples. Misorientation analyses between nearby grains in 2-D EBSD maps are consistent with some 2-D grains being different limbs of the same irregular grain in the 3-D volume. The proportion of repeated (i.e. interconnected) grains is greater in the higher-temperature experiments suggesting that grains have more irregular shapes, probably because GBM is more widespread at higher temperatures. The number of grains per unit area (accounting for multiple occurrences of the same 3-D grain) is higher in deformed samples than undeformed samples, and it increases with strain, suggesting that nucleation is involved in recrystallization. “Core-and-mantle” structures (rings of small grains surrounding big grains) occur in −20 and −30 ∘C experiments, suggesting that subgrain rotation recrystallization is active. At temperatures warmer than −20 ∘C, c axes develop a crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. Fan T. F. Hager D. J. Prior A. J. Cross D. L. Goldsby C. Qi M. Negrini J. Wheeler |
author_facet |
S. Fan T. F. Hager D. J. Prior A. J. Cross D. L. Goldsby C. Qi M. Negrini J. Wheeler |
author_sort |
S. Fan |
title |
Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C |
title_short |
Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C |
title_full |
Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C |
title_fullStr |
Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C |
title_sort |
temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °c |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3875/2020/tc-14-3875-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3cb50feea3b148cf9b620080dbd9311a |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 3875-3905 (2020) |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/3875/2020/tc-14-3875-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3cb50feea3b148cf9b620080dbd9311a |
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op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 |
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The Cryosphere |
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14 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
3875 |
op_container_end_page |
3905 |
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