Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. The AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements of the Gulf Stream and satellite derived Ek...
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:3071d9db54a84a27a8bfdcafbd9cfc31 2023-05-15T17:25:23+02:00 Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 D. A. Smeed G. D. McCarthy S. A. Cunningham E. Frajka-Williams D. Rayner W. E. Johns C. S. Meinen M. O. Baringer B. I. Moat A. Duchez H. L. Bryden 2014-02-01 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-29-2014 http://www.ocean-sci.net/10/29/2014/os-10-29-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3071d9db54a84a27a8bfdcafbd9cfc31 en eng Copernicus Publications 1812-0784 1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-10-29-2014 http://www.ocean-sci.net/10/29/2014/os-10-29-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3071d9db54a84a27a8bfdcafbd9cfc31 undefined Ocean Science, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 29-38 (2014) geo anthro-se Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2014 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-29-2014 2023-01-22T17:20:10Z The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. The AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements of the Gulf Stream and satellite derived Ekman transport. The time series has recently been extended to October 2012 and the results show a downward trend since 2004. From April 2008 to March 2012, the AMOC was an average of 2.7 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) weaker than in the first four years of observation (95% confidence that the reduction is 0.3 Sv or more). Ekman transport reduced by about 0.2 Sv and the Gulf Stream by 0.5 Sv but most of the change (2.0 Sv) is due to the mid-ocean geostrophic flow. The change of the mid-ocean geostrophic flow represents a strengthening of the southward flow above the thermocline. The increased southward flow of warm waters is balanced by a decrease in the southward flow of lower North Atlantic deep water below 3000 m. The transport of lower North Atlantic deep water slowed by 7% per year (95% confidence that the rate of slowing is greater than 2.5% per year). Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Unknown Ocean Science 10 1 29 38 |
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geo anthro-se |
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geo anthro-se D. A. Smeed G. D. McCarthy S. A. Cunningham E. Frajka-Williams D. Rayner W. E. Johns C. S. Meinen M. O. Baringer B. I. Moat A. Duchez H. L. Bryden Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
topic_facet |
geo anthro-se |
description |
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. The AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements of the Gulf Stream and satellite derived Ekman transport. The time series has recently been extended to October 2012 and the results show a downward trend since 2004. From April 2008 to March 2012, the AMOC was an average of 2.7 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) weaker than in the first four years of observation (95% confidence that the reduction is 0.3 Sv or more). Ekman transport reduced by about 0.2 Sv and the Gulf Stream by 0.5 Sv but most of the change (2.0 Sv) is due to the mid-ocean geostrophic flow. The change of the mid-ocean geostrophic flow represents a strengthening of the southward flow above the thermocline. The increased southward flow of warm waters is balanced by a decrease in the southward flow of lower North Atlantic deep water below 3000 m. The transport of lower North Atlantic deep water slowed by 7% per year (95% confidence that the rate of slowing is greater than 2.5% per year). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
D. A. Smeed G. D. McCarthy S. A. Cunningham E. Frajka-Williams D. Rayner W. E. Johns C. S. Meinen M. O. Baringer B. I. Moat A. Duchez H. L. Bryden |
author_facet |
D. A. Smeed G. D. McCarthy S. A. Cunningham E. Frajka-Williams D. Rayner W. E. Johns C. S. Meinen M. O. Baringer B. I. Moat A. Duchez H. L. Bryden |
author_sort |
D. A. Smeed |
title |
Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
title_short |
Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
title_full |
Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
title_fullStr |
Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
title_sort |
observed decline of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-29-2014 http://www.ocean-sci.net/10/29/2014/os-10-29-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3071d9db54a84a27a8bfdcafbd9cfc31 |
genre |
North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 29-38 (2014) |
op_relation |
1812-0784 1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-10-29-2014 http://www.ocean-sci.net/10/29/2014/os-10-29-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/article/3071d9db54a84a27a8bfdcafbd9cfc31 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-29-2014 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
29 |
op_container_end_page |
38 |
_version_ |
1766116795406614528 |