Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages
Abstract This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to t...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:3001525adf1b4313888ec252ba3e52e1 2023-05-15T13:32:52+02:00 Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages Julie Janssens Klaus M. Meiners Jean-Louis Tison Gerhard Dieckmann Bruno Delille Delphine Lannuzel 2016-08-01 https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 https://doaj.org/article/3001525adf1b4313888ec252ba3e52e1 en eng BioOne 2325-1026 doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 https://doaj.org/article/3001525adf1b4313888ec252ba3e52e1 undefined Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2016) Antarctic sea ice iron organic matter envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2016 fttriple https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 2023-01-22T17:50:58Z Abstract This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to the enrichment of Fe in sea ice have yet to be investigated and quantified. We conducted two in situ sea-ice growth experiments during a winter cruise in the Weddell Sea. Our aim was to improve the understanding of the processes responsible for the accumulation of dissolved Fe (DFe) and particulate Fe (PFe) in sea ice, and of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances, inorganic macro-nutrients (silicic acid, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate and ammonium), chlorophyll a and bacteria. Enrichment indices, calculated for natural young ice and ice newly formed in situ, indicate that during Antarctic winter all of the measured forms of particulate matter were enriched in sea ice compared to underlying seawater, and that enrichment started from the initial stages of sea-ice formation. Some dissolved material (DFe and ammonium) was also enriched in the ice but at lower enrichment indices than the particulate phase, suggesting that size is a key factor for the incorporation of impurities in sea ice. Low chlorophyll a concentrations and the fit of the macro-nutrients (with the exception of ammonium) with their theoretical dilution lines indicated low biological activity in the ice. From these and additional results we conclude that physical processes are the dominant mechanisms leading to the enrichment of DFe, PFe, organic matter and bacteria in young sea ice, and that PFe and DFe are decoupled during sea-ice formation. Our study thus provides unique quantitative insight into the initial incorporation of impurities, in particular DFe and PFe, into Antarctic sea ice. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Unknown Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 4 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic sea ice iron organic matter envir geo |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic sea ice iron organic matter envir geo Julie Janssens Klaus M. Meiners Jean-Louis Tison Gerhard Dieckmann Bruno Delille Delphine Lannuzel Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
topic_facet |
Antarctic sea ice iron organic matter envir geo |
description |
Abstract This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to the enrichment of Fe in sea ice have yet to be investigated and quantified. We conducted two in situ sea-ice growth experiments during a winter cruise in the Weddell Sea. Our aim was to improve the understanding of the processes responsible for the accumulation of dissolved Fe (DFe) and particulate Fe (PFe) in sea ice, and of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances, inorganic macro-nutrients (silicic acid, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate and ammonium), chlorophyll a and bacteria. Enrichment indices, calculated for natural young ice and ice newly formed in situ, indicate that during Antarctic winter all of the measured forms of particulate matter were enriched in sea ice compared to underlying seawater, and that enrichment started from the initial stages of sea-ice formation. Some dissolved material (DFe and ammonium) was also enriched in the ice but at lower enrichment indices than the particulate phase, suggesting that size is a key factor for the incorporation of impurities in sea ice. Low chlorophyll a concentrations and the fit of the macro-nutrients (with the exception of ammonium) with their theoretical dilution lines indicated low biological activity in the ice. From these and additional results we conclude that physical processes are the dominant mechanisms leading to the enrichment of DFe, PFe, organic matter and bacteria in young sea ice, and that PFe and DFe are decoupled during sea-ice formation. Our study thus provides unique quantitative insight into the initial incorporation of impurities, in particular DFe and PFe, into Antarctic sea ice. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Julie Janssens Klaus M. Meiners Jean-Louis Tison Gerhard Dieckmann Bruno Delille Delphine Lannuzel |
author_facet |
Julie Janssens Klaus M. Meiners Jean-Louis Tison Gerhard Dieckmann Bruno Delille Delphine Lannuzel |
author_sort |
Julie Janssens |
title |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_short |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_full |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_fullStr |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_full_unstemmed |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_sort |
incorporation of iron and organic matter into young antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 https://doaj.org/article/3001525adf1b4313888ec252ba3e52e1 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2016) |
op_relation |
2325-1026 doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 https://doaj.org/article/3001525adf1b4313888ec252ba3e52e1 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
4 |
_version_ |
1766036675054534656 |