Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Abstract Red discolorations are an effloresce phenomenon detect on the surface of stone objects and considered as damage factor in both esthetic and conservation points of view. It is very difficult to remove and seldom report about their weathering mechanism. Recently, numerous of red discoloration...
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:oai:doaj.org/article:2eb203f4a3414817b518fbbd8699377c 2023-05-15T15:52:34+02:00 Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China Jianrui Zha Shuya Wei Chuanchang Wang Zhimin Li Youzhen Cai Qinglin Ma 2020-06-01 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00394-z https://doaj.org/article/2eb203f4a3414817b518fbbd8699377c en eng SpringerOpen doi:10.1186/s40494-020-00394-z 2050-7445 https://doaj.org/article/2eb203f4a3414817b518fbbd8699377c undefined Heritage Science, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020) Lingyan Temple Limestone artifact Red discoloration Raman Cleaning Conservation geo archeo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00394-z 2023-01-22T17:42:38Z Abstract Red discolorations are an effloresce phenomenon detect on the surface of stone objects and considered as damage factor in both esthetic and conservation points of view. It is very difficult to remove and seldom report about their weathering mechanism. Recently, numerous of red discolorations have affected the limestone objects of Lingyan Temple in Shandong province, one of the most important building materials in China. In order to set up the appropriate conservation remedy, it is essential to identify the origin, characteristics, composition, and the formation process of red discolorations. Several analytical and investigation techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro-Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to better understand the red discolorations. The results demonstrated that the discolorations on limestone surface have been caused by carbonic acid weathering process. The red discolorations consisted mainly of kutnohorite (Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)CO3) and iron oxides. They showed tabular, lamellar, and granular morphologies, which originated from the in situ carbonic acid weathering of kutnohorite. After rainfall, the Ca, Mg, Mn ions with relatively high solubility were primarily leached from carbonatite phases. It was resulting in the sedimentation of red iron oxides through a chemical reaction and physical adhesion. Based on those analyses, a chelating agent (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt) was chosen to remove theses red discolorations on the stone object. Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Unknown Heritage Science 8 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Unknown |
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language |
English |
topic |
Lingyan Temple Limestone artifact Red discoloration Raman Cleaning Conservation geo archeo |
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Lingyan Temple Limestone artifact Red discoloration Raman Cleaning Conservation geo archeo Jianrui Zha Shuya Wei Chuanchang Wang Zhimin Li Youzhen Cai Qinglin Ma Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China |
topic_facet |
Lingyan Temple Limestone artifact Red discoloration Raman Cleaning Conservation geo archeo |
description |
Abstract Red discolorations are an effloresce phenomenon detect on the surface of stone objects and considered as damage factor in both esthetic and conservation points of view. It is very difficult to remove and seldom report about their weathering mechanism. Recently, numerous of red discolorations have affected the limestone objects of Lingyan Temple in Shandong province, one of the most important building materials in China. In order to set up the appropriate conservation remedy, it is essential to identify the origin, characteristics, composition, and the formation process of red discolorations. Several analytical and investigation techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro-Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to better understand the red discolorations. The results demonstrated that the discolorations on limestone surface have been caused by carbonic acid weathering process. The red discolorations consisted mainly of kutnohorite (Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)CO3) and iron oxides. They showed tabular, lamellar, and granular morphologies, which originated from the in situ carbonic acid weathering of kutnohorite. After rainfall, the Ca, Mg, Mn ions with relatively high solubility were primarily leached from carbonatite phases. It was resulting in the sedimentation of red iron oxides through a chemical reaction and physical adhesion. Based on those analyses, a chelating agent (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt) was chosen to remove theses red discolorations on the stone object. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jianrui Zha Shuya Wei Chuanchang Wang Zhimin Li Youzhen Cai Qinglin Ma |
author_facet |
Jianrui Zha Shuya Wei Chuanchang Wang Zhimin Li Youzhen Cai Qinglin Ma |
author_sort |
Jianrui Zha |
title |
Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China |
title_short |
Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China |
title_full |
Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China |
title_fullStr |
Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Weathering mechanism of red discolorations on Limestone object: a case study from Lingyan Temple, Jinan, Shandong Province, China |
title_sort |
weathering mechanism of red discolorations on limestone object: a case study from lingyan temple, jinan, shandong province, china |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00394-z https://doaj.org/article/2eb203f4a3414817b518fbbd8699377c |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Heritage Science, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020) |
op_relation |
doi:10.1186/s40494-020-00394-z 2050-7445 https://doaj.org/article/2eb203f4a3414817b518fbbd8699377c |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00394-z |
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Heritage Science |
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8 |
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1 |
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1766387708533407744 |