Sytuacja geopolityczna Estonii w polityce zagranicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej

• Published in: Polityka i Społeczeństwo
• Main Author: Bryczek-Wróbel, Patrycja
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Polish
• Published: Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego 2022
• Subjects: scipo; demo; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2021.3.2; https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050174.pdf; https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050174

Currently, many observers of geopolitical, economic, military and socio-cultural activities are inclined to the view that in the coming years there will be a transition to a new system of equilibrium in the world (Bartosiak, 2019). The most important area for the whole world is Eurasia, inhabited by over 70% of the human population. It is home to 2/3 of the world economy and industrial production, as well as 3/4 of energy reserves (Rogers, 2009). The rapid development of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a direct neighbor of the Russian Federation (FR), introduces a new geopolitical situation for Estonia and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Kaczmarski, 2013). Additionally, the world position of the United States of America (USA), currently the strongest power on which the structure of the North Atlantic Pact (NATO) is based, is gradually declining. Many of the other regional leaders in Eurasia, such as India, Turkey, Israel, Iran, and the Franco-German alliance (Fra-Ger), which have also started to create an increasingly independent foreign policy, want to take advantage of this situation. The area of interest of this policy is currently largely focused on Central and Eastern Europe, which, according to Halford John Mackinder, is the most important area in Eurasia. To quote him: “Whoever rules over Eastern Europe rules over the Central Area; who controls the Central Area controls the World Island; whoever rules the World Island rules the world ”(Mackinder, 1942). In such an environment, smaller countries are forced to update the selection of strategic allies who, in their opinion, offer the best chances for survival and development. For Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, the current choice is to belong and fulfill their obligations within NATO structures. In recent years, however, even within this alliance there have been growing divisions, which has been fueled, inter alia, by foreign policy of the Russian Federation. This paper discusses Estonia's current situation in the context of ...