| Summary: | The study of predator diets is widespread in ecology although observing and documenting foraging habits of predators remains challenging. Our ability to document the diet composition of predators largely determines our understanding of predator-prey interactions as well as of the structure of food webs. My Ph.D thesis focuses on the ecology and diet of the wolf (Canis lupus) and black bear (Ursus americanus) in northern Québec and Labrador over the ranges of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Rivière-aux-Feuilles and Rivière George herds. Even though our understanding of anthropogenic impacts on populations of migratory caribou has progressed in recent years, caribou contribution to the diet of its main predators as well as the role of predation on the population dynamics of caribou herds remain mostly unknown. The first part of my thesis focuses on the complementarity of different approaches of diet reconstruction in a free-ranging context. I then took advantage of that complementarity to determine the diet of caribou predators. My work shows that the local and seasonal abundances of caribou are key factors explaining their contribution to the diet of each predator, especially for wolves. Both wolves and black bears showed great flexibility in their feeding habits taking advantage of spatial and temporal variations in the diversity and abundance of food sources. Such variability argues that caribou-predator interactions should be regarded independently and as dynamic components for each herd in order to account for the relative abundance of caribou as well as that of other food sources. My thesis also provides a new perspectiveon the ecology and the role of black bear in the food web of eastern North America by providing the first evidences of the importance of animal-based food sources in the diet of black bears in the harsh northern habitats of Québec. Although wolf-caribou and bear-caribou interactions have been widely studied, my work offers a new perspective by contrasting these interactions at ...
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