Rôle des propriétés physiques et chimiques du milieu dans la succession des protistes marins lors de la floraison printanière en baie de Baffin

• Main Author: Grondin, Pierre-Luc
• Other Authors: Babin, Marcel, Karp-Boss, Lee
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: Université Laval 2019
• Subjects: envir; geo; Arctic; Baffin Bay; Baie de Baffin; Arctique*; Baffin; Climate change; Phytoplankton; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35841

With ongoing climate change in the Arctic, a decrease in the extent of sea ice and in the spring snow cover thickness has been observed. A modification of the ice and snow dynamics is predicted to impact the onset, the duration and the decline of microalgae spring blooms, as well as the succession among groups and species of primary producers. The main goals of the present study were (i) to characterize the ice-associated algae and phytoplankton communities and (ii) to identify the main drivers associated with the microalgal main taxonomic groups succession during an under-ice bloom in Baffin Bay in 2015 and 2016. With high-resolution time series of environmental parameters and using an Imaging FlowCytobot for the identification and enumeration of algal cells (<150 μm) within the sea ice bottom and in the underlying water column, we address the role of light and nutrients availability in controlling spring bloom phenology. Pennate diatoms dominated the sympagic community, with different genera dominating for each year. The phytoplankton community was initially alike that found in sea ice, suggesting a possible seeding of the pelagic bloom by the ice algal community. Light availability seemed to be the main factor controlling the onset of both sympagic and pelagic blooms, with a threshold value of 0.1 mol photons m-2 d-1. Through spring, snow and sea ice melting in association with melt pond onset caused the decline of the sympagic bloom, while the increase in under-ice irradiance likely favored centric diatoms, which dominated the protists assemblage during the phytoplankton blooms. Nutrients limitation in sea ice was not observed, while nitrate seemed to play a major role in the decline of the phytoplankton bloom. Our results suggest that there is a potential for early and massive under ice blooms, which are mostly light limited early in the season. Une diminution de l’étendue du couvert de glace et de neige au printemps a été observée en Arctique. Il est attendu que ceci affectera la phénologie des ...